The Czech and Slovak Republics

Ethnic and National Issues in Russian and East European History

“…41 Nikolai Fedorovich Bugai, perhaps the most prolific student of the nationalities during Stalin's repressions, and others have produced a number of studies of the Koreans. 42 This work suggests that their deportation bore more in common with de-kulakisation and special settlement than the series of political repressions culminating in the Ezhovshchina; but also that it constituted a first experiment in the repression of an entire people, an experiment which lay the foundation for the 'liquidation of peoples' during and after the Second World War.…”

“…41 Polivanov was convinced that land and water were sufficiently abundant in Saratov, and that the new villages of mountain people could be administered more or less as Russian villages. 42 Soon, Polivanov believed, many of the mountain people would desire to learn Russian and learn more about Russian law and culture. 43 Coupled with this optimism, however, were plans for increased police supervision in Saratov.…”

“…However, Menshikov had no wish to endanger the 'moral' rapprochement between Russia and Finland, and on the basis of his report the plans were not actually changed but postponed until the Finns had become accustomed to the new form of the laws. 42 The Finnish Senate was so grateful to Menshikov because of his actions over the codification that it decided to buy him a manor called 'Anjala'. When four senators wanted to state their dissenting opinion for the record, von Haartman became furious.…”

“…42 It is not surprising that the proportion of Jews in the Provisional Government and the Bolshevik leadership was significantly higher than that in the population at large. The fusion of anti-communism and anti-Semitism proved to be so firm that it was turned into one of the most important features of the Whites' ideology.…”

“…In Turkestan, Russians settled in the highest concentration (1909) in Semirech'e oblasf (13 per cent), and in the lowest in the Fergana and Transcaspia oblasti (1 per cent in each). 42 Kazakhs and Russians had more in common than their competition for the same land. In some other important respects they depended on one another.…”