The daily evaporation characteristics of deeply buried phreatic water in an extremely arid region

Li, Hongshou; Wang, Wanfu; Liu, Benli

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.025

Cited by 32 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…4‐III and Fig. 4‐V), the yearly evaporation characteristics in the sprayed shed agrees with that of the control shed (with a correlation of 0.87 in 2012 and 0.90 in 2014, p = 0.01) and both show sinusoidal characteristics (Li et al, 2014a, 2014b). After completion of the precipitation recycling, the plastic mulch was completely removed on 25 June 2012.…”

Section: Results and Analysissupporting

confidence: 72%

“…After completely recycling the sprayed water, the soil WC moved repeatedly along the line A‐D‐C (PDSC) for a long time. In this repetitive process, soil moisture was desorbed as temperatures increases during the daytime, and during the nighttime (i.e., declining temperatures), the soil absorbed water vapor from the subsoil (Li et al, 2014a). During the cyclic diurnal process of soil absorption–desorption, PW vapor is transported through the surface soil and completes the process of PE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the night, the shallow soil layer absorbs vapor as the temperature falls. At the same time, an abundance of water vapor moves upward from the sublayers and supplements the evaporated and downward‐moving moisture of the superstratum in the daytime (Li et al, 2014a). On a yearly time scale, the underlying mechanism is the same as on the daily time scale but the soil water is affected by temperature on a larger scale both spatially and temporally.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Precipitation Pulses on Evaporation of Deeply Buried Phreatic Water in Extra‐Arid Areas

Zhan

et al. 2016

Vadose Zone Journal

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Core Ideas Precipitation may increase deeply buried phreatic evaporation (PE). Soil‐water hysteresis leads to this phenomenon. This study reveals the mechanism of the effect of precipitation pulses on PE. Past research has shown that evaporation of deeply buried phreatic water occurs in extra‐arid areas where the soil surface is very dry. A dry surface layer can suppress the evaporation of capillary water, but it is not clear whether it suppresses deeply buried phreatic evaporation (PE). We deduced that the PE could be suppressed by a dry surface soil. Therefore, as the soil‐water content increases during a precipitation pulse, this can lead to an increase in PE. To investigate the effects of precipitation pulses on PE, a simulated 10‐mm precipitation recycling experiment using a shed–air‐conditioning condensation method was performed on Gobi Desert land at the top of the Mogao Grottoes in 2011 to 2015. The results show that after the 10 mm of precipitation was completely recycled, the PE increased by 28.9% compared with the control during the following 3 yr. In addition, the soil moisture increased in the 10‐ to 20‐cm layer for a long time. We hypothesize that this is a soil‐water hysteresis phenomenon, which is important for the observed differences in the evaporation rate, and it is apparent that the higher water content in the shallow layer is conducive to PE entering into the atmosphere. This preliminary study reveals the effect of precipitation pulses on deeply buried PE; this hysteresis phenomenon must be analyzed in further studies.

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Section: Results and Analysissupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Precipitation Pulses on Evaporation of Deeply Buried Phreatic Water in Extra‐Arid Areas

Zhan

et al. 2016

Vadose Zone Journal

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“…It is somewhat disconcerting that such a basic aspect of many desert environments remains a matter of divergent predictions, with estimates that have yet to be reconciled spanning a range of 0.0001–5 mm/yr under otherwise consistent conditions [ Ross , ; Scanlon et al ., ; Li et al ., ]. Given the challenges of making experimental measurements [e.g., Li et al ., ; Li and Wang , ; Li et al ., ], and the lack of feasibility to generically verify numerical analyses of the problem [ Scanlon et al ., ; Walvoord et al ., ], it is useful to recognize that the calculation can be completed in a very general manner analytically. We seek here to bound the result by computing with accuracy to one significant figure (on the order of ±100%), so that we might reduce the range of values under consideration, while pointing out the dimensions and site features that control this flux.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…All of the water vapor that moves from the water table must diffuse through this 200 m section of earth (in keeping with the objectives of Ross [] and Li et al . []), where the geothermal gradient is taken here to be 25°C/km, so a 200 m section will have about 5°C in thermal gradient. The atmosphere more than 20 m below the soil surface is essentially saturated in water vapor [e.g., see Scanlon et al ., ], so the gradient in absolute humidity, which via Fick's law will drive vapor transport, will be due to the temperature dependence of the saturated vapor pressure of water.…”

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confidence: 99%

Analytical estimation show low depth‐independent water loss due to vapor flux from deep aquifers

Selker

2017

Water Resources Research

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Recent articles have provided estimates of evaporative flux from water tables in deserts that span 5 orders of magnitude. In this paper, we present an analytical calculation that indicates aquifer vapor flux to be limited to 0.01 mm/yr for sites where there is negligible recharge and the water table is well over 20 m below the surface. This value arises from the geothermal gradient, and therefore, is nearly independent of the actual depth of the aquifer. The value is in agreement with several numerical studies, but is 500 times lower than recently reported experimental values, and 100 times larger than an earlier analytical estimate.

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Effect of earth–air breathing on evaporation of deeply buried phreatic water in extremely arid regions

Zhan

Wang

et al. 2021

Hydrological Processes

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In extremely arid regions, deeply buried phreatic water evaporates during the daytime from March to November in the northern hemisphere. It has been found that the earth-air undergoes 'autonomous breathing' and 'passive breathing', respectively caused by the changes of temperature and atmospheric pressure. In this paper, the effects of these breathing modes on phreatic evaporation (PhE) were investigated as well as the responsible mechanisms. Quantitative estimates suggest that the direct contribution from autonomous breathing is only 0.55 gÁm −2 Áyr −1 . Passive breathing pumps water vapour upwards from the deeply buried phreatic water table. Film water on the soil continuously migrates in pulsation from deep layers to the upper layer. Na 2 SO 4 in the shallow soil absorbs moisture from the earth-air at night and decomposes during the day, forming water vapour, which is critical to the occurrence of PhE. The diurnal PhE process can be elucidated in detail by the bimodal variation in the atmospheric pressure. PhE occurs mainly from 10:00 to 17:00 during daytime from March to November, which correlates with passive breathing of the earth-air.The amplitude of atmospheric fluctuation determines the amount of earth-air that outflows, while temperature determines the water vapour concentration. In calculation, PhE is equal to the net absolute humidity (AH) times the amount of earth-air.There is 1.55 mmÁyear −1 of PhE caused by daily peak!valley differences, and about 2.97 mmÁyear −1 in estimation caused by numerous atmospheric fluctuations smaller than 2.84 hPa. The results coincide with the actual amount of PhE monitored of 4.52 mmÁyear −1 . Therefore, the amount of PhE is proportional to the range and frequency of fluctuation in external atmospheric pressure, and is also positively related to soil temperature, salt content, water content, porosity, and vadose zone thickness.

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The daily evaporation characteristics of deeply buried phreatic water in an extremely arid region

Cited by 32 publications

References 11 publications

The Effect of Precipitation Pulses on Evaporation of Deeply Buried Phreatic Water in Extra‐Arid Areas

The Effect of Precipitation Pulses on Evaporation of Deeply Buried Phreatic Water in Extra‐Arid Areas

Analytical estimation show low depth‐independent water loss due to vapor flux from deep aquifers

Effect of earth–air breathing on evaporation of deeply buried phreatic water in extremely arid regions

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