The dark age of single organ screening is over: CD24 is a novel universal simple blood test for early detection of cancer.

Abstract

e15591 Background: More than 1.8 million new cancer cases are expected to be diagnosed in 2020. Only in the U.S, about 606,520 Americans are expected to die this year, which translates to about 1,660 deaths per day. However, when found early, in the asymptomatic phase, cancer is often effectively treated or even cured. The few cancer screens available today, including mammograms and colonoscopies, each look for a single type of cancer. CD24 is hardly expressed in normal cells (but to B-lymphocytes, differentiating neuroblasts and neutrophils) but is overexpressed in numerous human cancers. Aim: To establish a universal cancer screening blood test. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from consecutive patients and healthy volunteers. 1x106 leukocytes were stained using anti-CD11b-PerCp-Cy5.5 and anti-CD24-FITC and analyzed by flow cytometry (CyFlow Cube 6, Sysmex, Germany). Percentage of positive cells was determined by subtracting the percentage of CD24 and CD11b-positive cells (dual stain) from CD24-positive cells (single stain). The cut off for cancer detection was 25. Healthy subjects underwent a thorough evaluation at the health promotion center and integrated cancer prevention center. All cancers were verified histologically. Results: CD24/CD11b expression in the healthy population was evaluated in 337 women and 408 men, ages 20-85. There were 222 cancer patients. After excluding thyroid and bladder cancers, the assay detected 146 out of 196 (75%) cancers at all stages and even in 31 out of colonic adenomas (table). The levels of CD24 drop back to near normal level following successful surgery/chemotherapy. The test score was not affected by age, gender, fasting and the time of the day that the blood sample is taken. In 55 cases the test was performed twice, with similar results, as well as when the test was performed in another flow cytometry, after 1d, 1w, 1m after freezing . Conclusions: 1. CD24 is a universal cancer screening. 2. It can detect pre malignant lesions like adenomas in the colon. 3. Preliminary results suggest that it can serve as a predictive marker. [Table: see text]

Multi-cancer early detection tests for general population screening: a systematic literature review

“…OncoSeek reported the lowest overall sensitivity across all cancer types (47.4%), 73 and CancerenD24 reported the lowest sensitivity in detecting bladder cancer (38.0%). 70 By stage, OverC and SeekInCare reported a sensitivity of 35.4% and 50.3%, 75, 77 respectively, for stage I cancer. The highest sensitivity overall came from the Carcimun-test (88.8%), 81 however, the exclusion of individuals with inflammation is noted as a disadvantage of the technology as a screening tool in the general population.…”

“…All studies were case-control studies, except for two publications from SeekInCare 75, 76 which reported both case-control and prospective cohort studies including ‘real-world’ cohorts. A case-control study of CancerenD24, 70 reported that cancer patients and healthy controls were matched on ethnicity but did not include a description of the different ethnic groups. Ethnicity was not reported in any other study.…”