2013
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00419
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The Dark Side of Dendritic Cells: Development and Exploitation of Tolerogenic Activity That Favor Tumor Outgrowth and Immune Escape

Abstract: Dendritic cells (DC) play a central role in the regulation of the immune responses by providing the information needed to decide between tolerance, ignorance, or active responses. For this reason different therapies aim at manipulating DC to obtain the desired response, such as enhanced cell-mediated toxicity against tumor and infected cells or the induction of tolerance in autoimmunity and transplantation. In the last decade studies performed in these settings have started to identify (some) molecules/factors… Show more

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Cited by 15 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“…24,[58][59][60][61][62][63] Analogous to the M1-M2 paradigm for macrophages, DCs can adopt a regulatory phenotype that promotes T-cell anergy and tolerance. 15,64 These regDCs can be identified by their surface markers CD11b high CD11c low GR1 À , but in practice, differentiating between TAMs and DCs can be difficult, as histologic appearance and surface markers can give divergent or ambiguous results. Functionally, regDCs mediate T-cell anergy by presenting antigen in the context of decreased surface expression of costimulatory molecules and production of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13.…”
Section: Maturaɵonmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…24,[58][59][60][61][62][63] Analogous to the M1-M2 paradigm for macrophages, DCs can adopt a regulatory phenotype that promotes T-cell anergy and tolerance. 15,64 These regDCs can be identified by their surface markers CD11b high CD11c low GR1 À , but in practice, differentiating between TAMs and DCs can be difficult, as histologic appearance and surface markers can give divergent or ambiguous results. Functionally, regDCs mediate T-cell anergy by presenting antigen in the context of decreased surface expression of costimulatory molecules and production of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13.…”
Section: Maturaɵonmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Another common mechanism for disrupting the immune response is through interference with CTL priming, primarily through modification of the intratumoral infiltrate of dendritic cells (DCs) ( 3 5 , 8 , 9 , 23 ). Intratumoral DCs often have an immature or regulatory phenotype that results in the presentation of tumor antigens without co-stimulation, resulting in cross-tolerance and anergy of T-cells ( 24 27 ).…”
Section: Mechanisms For Immune Evasionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These TADCs have a low ability to present antigen, induce T cells differentiating to Treg subtype, and consequently impair T cell-mediated tumor killing effects. Furthermore, TADCs lead to a decreasing ratio of Th cells and effective T cells apoptosis through a way such as reactive oxygen species, the indoleamine 2, 3-2 oxidase (IDO), and releasing immune suppressive factors [ 59 ]. TADCs are also involved in tumor angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation, and invasion [ 60 ].…”
Section: Tcm Reverses the Immunosuppressive Phenotype And Regulatementioning
confidence: 99%