The Dead Can Nurture: Novel Insights into the Function of Dead Organs Enclosing Embryos

Raviv, Buzi; Godwin, James; Granot, Gila; Grafi, Gideon

doi:10.3390/ijms19082455

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Recent studies have demonstrated that Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) have key roles in the release of seed dormancy, as well as in protection from pathogens [70][71][72]. Thioredoxins were identified to promote seed germination [73]. Peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7) are also implicated in lignin/suberin formation during the polymerization of monolignols synthetized in the final steps of the phenylpropanoid pathway [74].…”

Section: Genetic Basis Of Seed Dormancy Release In Legumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Dormancy Release in Medicago truncatula Seeds Is Related to Environmental Variations

Renzi

Duchoslav

Brus

et al. 2020

Plants

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Seed dormancy and timing of its release is an important developmental transition determining the survival of individuals, populations, and species in variable environments. Medicago truncatula was used as a model to study physical seed dormancy at the ecological and genetics level. The effect of alternating temperatures, as one of the causes releasing physical seed dormancy, was tested in 178 M. truncatula accessions over three years. Several coefficients of dormancy release were related to environmental variables. Dormancy varied greatly (4–100%) across accessions as well as year of experiment. We observed overall higher physical dormancy release under more alternating temperatures (35/15 °C) in comparison with less alternating ones (25/15 °C). Accessions from more arid climates released dormancy under higher experimental temperature alternations more than accessions originating from less arid environments. The plasticity of physical dormancy can probably distribute the germination through the year and act as a bet-hedging strategy in arid environments. On the other hand, a slight increase in physical dormancy was observed in accessions from environments with higher among-season temperature variation. Genome-wide association analysis identified 136 candidate genes related to secondary metabolite synthesis, hormone regulation, and modification of the cell wall. The activity of these genes might mediate seed coat permeability and, ultimately, imbibition and germination.

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Section: Genetic Basis Of Seed Dormancy Release In Legumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Dormancy Release in Medicago truncatula Seeds Is Related to Environmental Variations

Renzi

Duchoslav

Brus

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…These persistence characteristics may be altered upon exposure of mother plants to various biotic and abiotic stress conditions during seed development and prior to dispersal. Some dispersal unit characteristics underlying seed persistence in the soil are of maternal origin, embedded within the dead organs enclosing the embryos (DOEEs) including the seed coat (dry, dehiscent fruits), the pericarp (dry, indehiscent fruits) and dead floral bracts (glumes, lemmas, paleas) in grasses [33]. DOEEs are thought to function in seed dispersal and in protecting the embryo from mechanical and physical damages.…”

Section: Seed Persistence In the Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DOEEs are thought to function in seed dispersal and in protecting the embryo from mechanical and physical damages. However, detailed study of DOEEs revealed their capacity to store substances such as proteins (e.g., hydrolytic enzymes), growth factors (e.g., phytohormones) and various metabolites that might affect various aspects of seed biology including longevity, germination, and seedling vigor [33].…”

Section: Seed Persistence In the Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuum Modeling of Discrete Plant Communities: Why Does It Work and Why Is It Advantageous?

et al. 2019

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Understanding ecosystem response to drier climates calls for modeling the dynamics of dryland plant populations, which are crucial determinants of ecosystem function, as they constitute the basal level of whole food webs. Two modeling approaches are widely used in population dynamics, individual (agent)-based models and continuum partial-differential-equation (PDE) models. The latter are advantageous in lending themselves to powerful methodologies of mathematical analysis, but the question of whether they are suitable to describe small discrete plant populations, as is often found in dryland ecosystems, has remained largely unaddressed. In this paper, we first draw attention to two aspects of plants that distinguish them from most other organisms-high phenotypic plasticity and dispersal of stress-tolerant seeds-and argue in favor of PDE modeling, where the state variables that describe population sizes are not discrete number densities, but rather continuous biomass densities. We then discuss a few examples that demonstrate the utility of PDE models in providing deep insights into landscape-scale behaviors, such as the onset of pattern forming instabilities, multiplicity of stable ecosystem states, regular and irregular, and the possible roles of front instabilities in reversing desertification. We briefly mention a few additional examples, and conclude by outlining the nature of the information we should and should not expect to gain from PDE model studies.

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“…In addition, these dead structures can potentially protect fruits from predation, position and anchor fruits in the soil as well as absorb moisture to stimulate germination [2]. Recently, Raviv et al reviewed the biochemical activities of dead structures enclosing the fruits of several plant species belonging to different families, including Poaceae, and concluded that these structures contain various active enzymes involved in the hydrolysis process (e.g., nucleases, proteases, and chitinases) and detoxification of reactive oxygen species [3]. Such enzymes can control seed germination and enhance growth of germinated seedlings [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Raviv et al reviewed the biochemical activities of dead structures enclosing the fruits of several plant species belonging to different families, including Poaceae, and concluded that these structures contain various active enzymes involved in the hydrolysis process (e.g., nucleases, proteases, and chitinases) and detoxification of reactive oxygen species [3]. Such enzymes can control seed germination and enhance growth of germinated seedlings [3,4]. In addition, dead structures around fruits of Arabidopsis thaliana and Sinapis alba had active hydrolytic enzymes that can be released upon hydrolyses to increase the survival rate of emerged seedlings [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Hardened Husks and Membranes Surrounding Brachypodium hybridum Grains on Germination and Seedling Growth

El‐Keblawy

Elgabra

Mosa

et al. 2019

Plants

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Several studies have assessed the function and significance of the presence of dead, hardened husks on germination and seedling growth in several grass species and reached to inconsistent results. Here, we assess the roles of husks (dead lemma and palea) and an inner membrane surrounding the grains on germination behaviour and seedling growth of Brachypodium hybridum, one of three species of the genetic model B. distachyon complex, in an arid mountain of Arabia. The interactive effects between temperature and the incubation light were assessed on germination of husked and dehusked-demembraned grains. Germination and seedling growth were assessed for different combinations of grain treatments (soaked and non-soaked husked, dehusked-membraned and dehusked-demembraned). Dehusked-demembraned grains were also germinated in different dormancy regulating compounds (DRCs) and light qualities (light, dark and different red: far red [R: FR] ratios). The results indicated an insignificant difference between husked and dehusked-membraned grains on final germination and the germination rate index (GRI), with the former producing significantly bigger seedlings. Removal of the inner-membrane resulted in a significant reduction in all traits. Soaking grains in water resulted in significant enhancements in germination and seedling growth of only husked grains. Husked-membraned and demembraned grains germinated more significantly and faster at lower rather than higher temperatures. None of different concentrations of several DRCs succeeded in enhancing final germination of dehusked-demembraned grains. Red-rich light significantly enhanced germination of dehusked-membraned grains in comparison to other light qualities. It could be concluded that the role of husks is to mainly enhance seedling growth, while the major role of the membrane is to increase final germination. The ability of red-rich light in enhancing the germination of dehusked-membraned but not dehusked-demembraned grains suggest a role for the inner membrane in regulating dormancy through differential filtering of light properties.

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The Dead Can Nurture: Novel Insights into the Function of Dead Organs Enclosing Embryos

Cited by 22 publications

References 87 publications

Physical Dormancy Release in Medicago truncatula Seeds Is Related to Environmental Variations

Physical Dormancy Release in Medicago truncatula Seeds Is Related to Environmental Variations

Continuum Modeling of Discrete Plant Communities: Why Does It Work and Why Is It Advantageous?

Roles of Hardened Husks and Membranes Surrounding Brachypodium hybridum Grains on Germination and Seedling Growth

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