The deadliest tropical cyclone ‘Amphan’: investigate the natural flood inundation over south 24 Parganas using google earth engine

Abstract

Climate change is hammering the environment, socio-economic condition, vegetation degradation, earth surface change and over the land losses. In between 2019 and 2020, West Bengal people are facing three major cyclones like, Fani, Bulbul and the last was Amphan. Those natural disasters were affected in vegetation, hammering crop production, water quality change, life losses and affected in the ecosystem. 20th May 2020 Amphan was entering in West Bengal and occur several damaged. Seventy two people of West Bengal were lost their life and several months over the southern parts of West Bengal are facing huge land scarcity and salt-water intrusion on the mainland. Over 13.6 billion dollar was losses due to this cyclone. Google Earth Engine (GEE) is a cloud-based platform to detect earth observation using high spatial satellite data with planetary-scale analysis capabilities. C-band Sentinel-1A Synthetic Aperture Radar is used to identifying the flood inundation on Google Earth Engine (GEE). Landsat 8 OLI data is used for MNDWI calculation on this area. Pre-Amphan and during Amphan two satellite data are clearly showing the water increased area. The Coastal area like Sagar Island (154.254 Sq.km), Ghoramara Island, Mousuni Island, G-Plot, L-Block and some parts of riverside most affected by this cyclone. Kultali (187.254 Sq.km) followed by Kulpi (156.86 Sq.km), Namkhana (198.485 Sq.km) and Basanti (129.53 Sq.km) area under flooded during this cyclone. During COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing is the main problem on cyclone shelter house and relief camp. This area has faced those two disasters at the same time.

Dynamical characteristics of Amphan and its impact on COVID-19 cases in Bangladesh

“…1 ) where the most severe damages occurred during Amphan, the number of newly confirmed cases increased rapidly after Amphan landing which, however, was almost nil before the event, as shown in Fig. 12 c. According to the post-Amphan situations in local (Hassan et al 2020 ; Halder et al 2021 ), most of the people neither maintained social distancing nor wore face masks when they had to take refuge or act together against Amphan-induced disasters. Such direct face-to-face communication behaviors could increase the risk of virus transmission.…”

“…In Barisal Division, which is relatively far away from Amphan’s track, although situations were not as serious as in Satkhira, the damages to the exposed coast, e.g., Barguna, Patuakhali, Pirojpur, and Bhola, were still relatively significant. Amphan-induced floods and storm surges damaged a large number of embankments, roads, and houses, which led to the inundation of numerous villages and even some cyclone shelters (Hassan et al 2020 ; Halder et al 2021 ). In addition, the destruction of transport infrastructure may further delay the post-disaster relief work and prolong the disaster period.…”

“…12c. According to the post-Amphan situations in local Halder et al 2021), most of the people neither maintained social distancing nor wore face masks when they had to take refuge or act together against Amphan-induced disasters. Such direct face-to-face communication behaviors could increase the risk of virus transmission.…”

Cyclone-induced coastal vulnerability, livelihood challenges and mitigation measures of Matla–Bidya inter-estuarine area, Indian Sundarban

“…Similarly, Mondal et al ( 2021 ) prepared cyclone-induced multi-hazard risk map for the Kakdwip sub-division of coastal West Bengal. Moreover, some scholars have attempted to evaluate the impact of tropical cyclones like Aila in 2009, Bulbul in 2019, and Amphan in 2020 on coastal environments and rural livelihoods (Mallick et al 2011 ; Kar and Bandyopadhyay 2015 ; Hassan et al 2020 ; Das et al 2020 ; Mishra et al 2021 ; Halder et al 2021 ; Biswakarma et al 2021 ). Despite this vast literature, the assessment of cyclone-induced coastal vulnerability for micro-administrative units of MBI over the last fifty years (1971–2021) has received little attention in recent times.…”

Delineating the Crop-Land Dynamic due to Extreme Environment Using Landsat Datasets: A Case Study

“…The North 24 Parganas district is generally impacted by natural disasters and environmental degradation every year, e.g., the Odisha super cyclone (1999), Phyan (2009), Nilam (2012), Phailin (2013), Helen (2013), Hudhud (2014), Vardah (2016), Ockhi (2017), Titli (2018), Fani (2019), Bulbul (2019), Amphan (2020) and Yass (2021). Many cyclones and floods have been associated with extreme climate events [28][29][30][31]. Many cyclone events have occurred like, Aila, Fani, Bulbul, Amphan, and Yash.…”