The Decadal View of the Mid-Atlantic Bight from the COOLroom: Is Our Coastal System Changing?

Schofield, Oscar; Chant, Robert J.; Cahill, Bronwyn; Castelao, Renato M.; Gong, Donglai; Kahl, Alex; Kohut, Josh; Montes-Hugo, Martin; Ramadurai, Ramaya; Ramey, Patricia A.; Xu, Yang; Glenn, Scott

doi:10.5670/oceanog.2008.08

Cited by 49 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This compares well to a global study that suggests that the mean wind speed near the mid-Atlantic coastline has shown no statistically significant increase between 1991 and 2008 as based on satellite data (Young et al 2011). Schofield et al (2008) observed a wintertime increase in wind speed at B44009 between the two periods of 1996-2007 and 1987-95, however, and attributed Annual Winter Spring Summer Autumn BRND1 6.5 6 3.3 7.6 6 3.6 6.7 6 3.2 5.3 6 2.5 6.7 6 3.4 DLAU 3.9 6 3.0 4.6 6 3.4 4.4 6 3.1 3.1 6 2.2 3.6 6 2.9 DBNG 3.5 6 2.4 3.9 6 2.5 3.8 6 2.4 2.8 6 1.9 3.6 6 2.5 DHAR 3.0 6 2.3 3.3 6 2.6 3.4 6 2.4 2.3 6 1.7 2.8 6 2.2 DBRG 3.3 6 2.4 3.8 6 2.8 3.8 6 2.5 2.7 6 1.7 3.0 6 2.2 LWSD1 4.8 6 3.2 5.8 6 3.6 5.0 6 3.2 3.5 6 2.0 5.0 6 3.4 SJSN4 5.7 6 3.0 6.3 6 3.4 6.1 6 3.0 4.9 6 2.4 5.6 6 3.0 B44009 6.8 6 3.6 8.2 6 3.9 6.7 6 3.5 5.4 6 2.7 7.1 6 3.6 Table 3). The dark-shaded bars in (b) indicate trends that are statistically significant (p , 0.05).…”

Section: Climatological Wind Description a Annual Featuressupporting

confidence: 69%

Characterization of Low-Level Winds of Southern and Coastal Delaware

Hughes

Veron

2015

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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Winds across the Delaware Peninsula transport pollutants, modify the temperature, and play a critical role within the state's agricultural and tourism industries. The low-level winds inland and near Delaware's coastline are characterized using observations from eight meteorological stations operated by the Delaware Environmental Observing System and the National Data Buoy Center from 2005 through 2012. The low-level winds have pronounced dominant directions during the summer (southwest/southeast) and winter (northwest) seasons, with the greatest spatial and temporal variability occurring in the summer. This inhomogeneity was further investigated with a set of simulations of the low-level winds over the Delaware Bay and surrounding landmass using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model for a subset of days from 2006 through 2012. The model was run with three nests, with the inner nest having a 2-km horizontal resolution. The randomly selected days were organized by synoptic type and season. Mesoscale wind events such as the seabreeze circulation introduce significant variability in the local wind field of coastal Delaware-an effect that is seen in both observed and modeled data. Southerly winds off Delaware's coast frequently shift counterclockwise up the Delaware Bay in alignment with the bay coastline. Long-term data from station B44009 (1984-2012) indicate a May decrease (0.03 m s 21 yr 21 ; significance p 5 0.026) and an October increase (0.04 m s 21 yr 21 ; p 5 0.006) of the mean wind speed. Results suggest that the local wind regime is multifaceted and contains significant seasonal, diurnal, and spatial variations.

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Section: Climatological Wind Description a Annual Featuressupporting

confidence: 69%

Characterization of Low-Level Winds of Southern and Coastal Delaware

Hughes

Veron

2015

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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“…This could be because changes in phytoplankton production are rather linked to other climate variables than ocean temperature itself, particularly to changes in vertical mixing that provides the nutrient flux from the deep layers to the photic zone where photosynthesis can occur (Boyd et al, 2014). For example, increased winter wind mixing during positive AMO modes increased phytoplankton production in the Mid-Atlantic Bight (Schofield et al, 2008). At higher latitudes of the North Atlantic, i.e., the Gulf of Maine, the Norwegian Sea, and the Barents Sea, increased temperature has been shown to increase the phytoplankton production (Mueter et al, 2009).…”

Section: Climate Variability Of the North Atlantic Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

The North Atlantic Spring-Bloom System—Where the Changing Climate Meets the Winter Dark

2016

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The North Atlantic with its spring-bloom ecosystem has its particular responses to climate change, many of them different from the other parts of the world's oceans. The system is strongly influenced by anthropogenic climate change as well as to strong decadal to multidecadal natural climate variability. In particular, the northernmost part of the system and the Arctic is exposed to higher increase in temperature than any other ocean region. The most pronounced examples of poleward migration of marine species are found in the North Atlantic, and comprise the recent warming phase after the 1970s. The latitudinal asymmetric position of the Arctic Front and its nature of change result in a considerably larger migration distance and migration speed of species in the Northeast Atlantic part of the system. However, we here hypothesize that there is a limit to the future extent of poleward migration of species constrained by the latitudinal region adjacent the Polar Circle. We define this region the critical latitudes. This is because the seasonal light cycle at high latitudes sets particular demands on the life cycle of planktivorous species. Presently, boreal planktivorous species at high latitudes deposit lipids during the short spring bloom period and overwinter when phytoplankton production is insufficient for feeding. Unless invading temperate species from farther south are able to adapt by developing a similar life cycle future poleward migration of such species will be unlikely.

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“…Several major urban estuaries such as the Connecticut River, the Hudson River, the Delaware River and the Susquahana River discharge into the bays and sounds connected to the MAB, delivering fresh and nutrient rich water onto the shelf. Transport of nutrients and organic material can determine the timing and distribution of shelf primary production and the subsequent response in the higher trophic levels [ Yoder et al , 2002; Schofield et al , 2008]. An important objective of recent research projects is to characterize and quantify the cross‐shelf exchange mechanisms and transport pathways on the MAB [ Biscaye et al , 1994; Castelao et al , 2008a; Chant et al , 2008; Zhang et al , 2009].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal climatology of wind‐driven circulation on the New Jersey Shelf

Gong¹,

Kohut²,

Glenn³

2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] The spatial structure of the mean and seasonal surface circulation in the central region of the Mid-Atlantic Bight (New Jersey Shelf) are characterized using 6 years of CODAR long-range HF radar data (2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007). The mean surface flow over the New Jersey Shelf is 2-12 cm/s down shelf and offshore to the south. The detided root-mean-square (RMS) velocity variability ranges from 11 to 20 cm/s. The variability is on the order of the mean current offshore and several times that of the mean current nearshore. The Hudson Shelf Valley and the shelf break act as dynamical boundaries that define the New Jersey Shelf. The surface flow on the New Jersey Shelf depends on topography, seasonal stratification, and wind forcing. The flow is in the approximate direction of the wind during the unstratified season and more to the right of the wind during the stratified season. During the stratified summer season, the dominant along-shore upwelling favorable winds from the SW drive cross-shelf offshore flow. During the unstratified/well-mixed winter season, the dominant cross-shore NW winds drive cross-shelf offshore flows. During the transition seasons of spring and autumn, along-shore NE winds, often associated with storm events, drive energetic down-shelf, along-shelf flows. The surface transport pathways are either cross-shelf dominated during summer and winter or along-shelf dominated during the transition seasons. The residence time of surface Lagrangian drifters on the New Jersey Shelf ranged from 1 to 7 weeks with summer and autumn showing faster transport than winter and spring.

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The Decadal View of the Mid-Atlantic Bight from the COOLroom: Is Our Coastal System Changing?

Cited by 49 publications

References 5 publications

Characterization of Low-Level Winds of Southern and Coastal Delaware

Characterization of Low-Level Winds of Southern and Coastal Delaware

The North Atlantic Spring-Bloom System—Where the Changing Climate Meets the Winter Dark

Seasonal climatology of wind‐driven circulation on the New Jersey Shelf

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