The decade of falling income inequality and formal employment generation in Brazil

Nerì, Marcelo Côrtes

doi:10.1787/9789264088368-4-en

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

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“…with a substantial reduction in the inequality and polarization of the distribution. Barros et al's (2010), Neri's (2010) and Hoffmann's (2018 works are just a few of the many papers that analyze the downward tendency of income inequality in Brazil after 2001. Using measures of "inequality" or "polarization" that essentially reflect economic growth does not help to clarify economic or social aspects of the economy.…”

Section: -Variation In Income Distribution Bipolarization In Brazil F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring and Mismeasuring Income Polarization

Hoffmann,

Kassouf

2024

Preprint

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The main contribution of this paper is to clarify some of the misconceptions about income polarization indices observed in the existing literature. Our analysis explores the domain of measures of polarization of the income distribution, with a specific emphasis on elucidating the importance of distinguishing between bipolarization and multipolarization measures. Additionally, we assert that a valid polarization metric must satisfy the principle of scale-invariance. Furthermore, in cases where the income distribution is categorized into relatively poor and relatively rich, a valid bipolarization measure should consistently increase when regressive transfers occur from poorer to richer individuals and when progressive transfers occur between two poorer or two richer individuals. The study identifies instances where bipolarization measures that fail to satisfy these criteria have been employed in previous research, leading to erroneous conclusions. The research also provides a succinct analysis of the challenges faced by scholars in employing Esteban and Ray’s multipolarization measure and its adapted versions. The study pinpoints errors in previously published works, particularly in those using the Median Relative Polarization measure with an additive median adjustment. Additionally, a real-world illustration is presented that depicts a declining trend of the bipolarization of income distribution in Brazil from 2001 to 2015, coinciding with a decrease in inequality during this period.

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Section: -Variation In Income Distribution Bipolarization In Brazil F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring and Mismeasuring Income Polarization

Hoffmann,

Kassouf

2024

Preprint

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Concentration and Inequality Across Brazilian Regions

Azzoni

2013

Regional Problems and Policies in Latin America

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Social Policy as Regional Policy: Market and Nonmarket Factors Determining Regional Inequality

Silveira-Neto

Azzoni

2011

Journal of Regional Science

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We decompose the recent changes in regional inequality in Brazil into its components, highlighting the role of spatially blind social programs. We aggregate personal income micro data to the state level, differentiating nine income sources, and assess the role of these components in the observed changes in regional inequality indicators. The main results indicate that the largest part of the recent reduction in regional inequality is related to the dynamics of the market-related labor income, with manufacturing and services favoring deconcentration. Labor income in agriculture, retirement and pensions, and property rents and other sources favored concentration. The social programs Bolsa Família and Benefícios de Prestação Continuada are responsible for more than 24 percent of the reduction in inequality, although they account for less than 1.7 percent of the disposable household income. Such positive impact on regional concentration is impressive, since the goals of the programs are clearly nonspatial.

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The decade of falling income inequality and formal employment generation in Brazil

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Measuring and Mismeasuring Income Polarization

Measuring and Mismeasuring Income Polarization

Concentration and Inequality Across Brazilian Regions

Social Policy as Regional Policy: Market and Nonmarket Factors Determining Regional Inequality

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