The December 1999 Cervinara landslides: further debris flows in the pyroclastic deposits of Campania (southern Italy)

Fiorillo, Francesco; Guadagno, Francesco M.; Aquino, Sabóia de; Blasio, A. De

doi:10.1007/s100640000093

Cited by 76 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…Landslides were triggered by the sliding of superficial pyroclastic debris from the covering mantle and were subsequently channelized as debris flows (Fiorillo et al 2001;Crosta and Dal Negro 2003;Revellino et al 2004). For these landslides, Crosta and Dal Negro (2003), Fiorillo and Wilson (2004), and reported that these extreme instability phenomena took place after a period of several days of not intense, but quite continuous rainfall, which cannot be characterized by a really relevant return time, to be considered hydrologically exceptional, but which were surely singular.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of rainfall infiltration effects on the stability of pyroclastic soil veneer affected by vertical drying shrinkage fractures

Galeandro

Šimůnek

Simeone

2013

Bull Eng Geol Environ

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The paper presents a preliminary, simplified evaluation of the effects of rainfall infiltration on the stability of slopes in layered pyroclastic soils affected by shrinkage vertical fractures. The analysis has been developed with a special reference to a stratigraphic sequence obtained by an in situ survey at Pizzo d'Alvano (Southern Italy). The analysis of rainfall infiltration is performed using an original dual-permeability model. Results show how fractures strongly condition infiltration depending on rainfall intensity. Prolonged low-intensity rainfall may lead to a higher saturation of the surface soil layer than short, intense rainfall when water may flow quickly through fractures into the underlying more permeable soil layers. Calculated distributions of pore pressure are used for the slope stability analysis using the infinite slope approach. Variations of the safety factor as a consequence of infiltration show that prolonged rainfall can induce a more relevant decrease in the safety factor than intense precipitations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of rainfall infiltration effects on the stability of pyroclastic soil veneer affected by vertical drying shrinkage fractures

Galeandro

Šimůnek

Simeone

2013

Bull Eng Geol Environ

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“…In particular, the rainfall of 6 and 12 h has been well higher than previous historical maxima (Table 2). Figure 9 shows the statistical analyses carried out on annual maxima for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 cumulative rainfalls, plotting results as described in [27]. If annual maxima of 2011 are excluded from the dataset (Figure 9A), each statistical curve (GEV) fits the historical data well; the return time of the 22 November 2011 would reach values of 450-600 years between three and 12 h of accumulated rainfall.…”

Section: Frequency Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of a Storm Map and New Approach in the Definition of Categories of the Extreme Rainfall, Northeastern Sicily

Fiorillo

Diodato²,

Meo³

2016

Water

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Abstract:After more than 350 mm of rainfall fell in a few hours on 22 November 2011, thousands of landslides and floods were induced in two main zones of Northeastern Sicily. The total rainfall has been reconstructed integrating available rain gauge data with Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite data from NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration); the landslide distribution in the field has confirmed the pattern of rainfall accumulated on 22 November 2011. Precipitation maxima of 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h was recognized as the hazardous events, which marks the evidence of a changing climate, with a shift toward more intense rainfalls in recent times. To investigate the sequence of the annual maxima, the historical time series have been transformed in the Standard normal distribution, from the cumulative probability of the GEV (Generalized Extreme Value) distribution. Following a similar definition of the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), the transformation of the historical data in the standardized values allows the definition of categories of hourly maxima in term of extreme, severe, moderate, or mild. This transformation allows to eliminate the asymmetry of the time series, so that trends and fluctuations have been highlighted by the progressive accumulation of data (Rescaled Adjust Partial Sum). This statistical approach allows the improvement of the interpretability of the hydrological extreme events, and could also be used in other cases.

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“…About 3000 km 2 of the region and some 200 villages and towns are at risk from these phenomena (De Riso et al, 2005). After the landslides that hit Sarno and Quindici on 5 May 1998, the triggering factors and possible mechanisms of instabilities were extensively analysed in the scientific literature, with the focus ranging from the geomorphology, physical and geotechnical properties of the pyroclastic materials to rainfall patterns, groundwater conditions, land use and man-made alterations (Del Prete et al, 1998;De Riso et al, 1999;Di Crescenzo and Santo, 1999;Amanti et al, 1999;Brancaccio et al, 1999;Guadagno and Perriello Zampelli, 2000;Guadagno and Magaldi, 2000;De Vita, 2000;Fiorillo et al, 2001;Budetta, 2002;Budetta and De Riso, 2004;Calcaterra et al, 2003;Crosta and Dal Negro, 2003;Guadagno et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rockfall-induced impact force causing a debris flow on a volcanoclastic soil slope: a case study in southern Italy

Budetta

2010

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. On 10 January 2003, a rockfall of approximately 10 m 3 affected a cliff some 25 m high located along the northern slopes of Mt. St. Angelo (Nocera Inferiore, province of Salerno) in the southern Italian region of Campania. The impact of boulders on the lower sector of the slope, along which detrital-pyroclastic soils outcrop, triggered a small channelled debris flow of about 500 m 3 . Fortunately, no damage nor victims resulted from the landslide. Several marks of the impacts were observed at the cliff toe and outside the collapsed area, and the volumes of some fallen boulders were subsequently measured. By means of in-situ surveys, it was possible to reconstruct the cliff's geo-structural layout in detail. A rockfall back-analysis was subsequently performed along seven critical profiles of the entire slope (surface area of about 4000 m 2 ). The results of this numerical modelling using the lumped-mass method were then used to map the kinetic iso-energy curves. In the triggering area of the debris flow, for a falling boulder of 1 m 3 , the mean kinetic energy was estimated at 120 kJ, this value being equivalent to an impact force, on an inclined surface, of some 800 kN. After landing, due to the locally high slope gradient (about 45 • ), and low angle of trajectory at impact (about 23 • ), some boulders slid down the slope as far as the endpoints. The maximum depth of penetration into the ground by a sliding block was estimated at about 16 cm. Very likely, owing to the high impact force of boulders on the saturated soil slope outcropping at the cliff base, the debris flow was triggered under undrained loading conditions. Initial failure was characterized by a translational slide involving a limited, almost elliptical area where the pyroclastic cover shows greater thickness in comparison with the surrounding areas.

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The December 1999 Cervinara landslides: further debris flows in the pyroclastic deposits of Campania (southern Italy)

Cited by 76 publications

References 0 publications

Analysis of rainfall infiltration effects on the stability of pyroclastic soil veneer affected by vertical drying shrinkage fractures

Analysis of rainfall infiltration effects on the stability of pyroclastic soil veneer affected by vertical drying shrinkage fractures

Reconstruction of a Storm Map and New Approach in the Definition of Categories of the Extreme Rainfall, Northeastern Sicily

Rockfall-induced impact force causing a debris flow on a volcanoclastic soil slope: a case study in southern Italy

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