The decision-making process in Swedish forensic psychiatric investigations

Svensson, Olof; Andiné, Peter; Bromander, Sara; Ask, Karl; Bagge, Ann‐Sophie Lindqvist; Karlén, Malin Hildebrand

doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2021.101709

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The risk for bias due to a high cognitive load seems greater in Swedish FPIs due to the time limit (maximum: 4 weeks) and to the complexity of the cases [i.e., high cognitive load both to organizational level and case-level factors within the decision-making process; see HEP model ( 2 )]. As has been observed in the results from the interviews preceding the vignette ( 40 ), the professionals considered stress to be one of the most detrimental aspects for their decision-making in FPIs, such as not having time to gather all information that one would, under less stressful circumstances, have done. Stress increases the risk of type 1 processes [including increasing the risk of bias ( 8 )], and since there is a limited number of forensic experts working with FPIs ( 44 ) an increased workload could affect their decisions due to sometimes conducting more (and sometimes less) FPIs in parallel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Three case vignettes were used to gather both quantitative data (i.e., concerning the use of certain information sources and the conclusions noted in a response form) and qualitative data (i.e., answers to open-ended questions generating written responses, not presented here). Before reading the vignettes and answering its response form, a semi-structured interview was conducted with the participants [see Svensson et al ( 40 ), for more information].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before the participants read the vignettes and answered its response form, they also participated in a semi-structured interview [see Svensson et al ( 40 ) for more information]. Before the interview, the participants were given information about the purpose of the study and signed the informed consent form.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decision-Making Within Forensic Psychiatric Investigations: The Use of Various Information Sources by Different Expert Groups to Reach Conclusions on Legal Insanity

et al. 2022

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BackgroundWhich type of information experts use to make decisions regarding legal insanity within forensic psychiatric investigations (FPI) is relatively unknown, both in general and when considering variations due to case context. It is important to explore this area to be able to counteract the effects of various kinds of cognitive bias.MethodThe aim was to explore whether FPI expert groups differed regarding case-specific as well as general use of information types required to make decisions on severe mental disorder (SMD). Three FPI case vignettes were presented to three professional groups involved in FPIs in Sweden (n = 41): forensic psychiatrists (n = 15), psychologists (n = 15), and social workers (n = 11). The participants reported which types of information they required to reach conclusions regarding SMD in each case. They also reported which types of information they had used within general FPI praxis during the previous year and the information types’ perceived usefulness.ResultsThe expert groups differed somewhat regarding what type of information they required for the cases (e.g., results from cognitive testing), but some information was required in all cases (e.g., client’s self-report). Regarding the preliminary assessment of SMD in the three cases, minor differences were found. Within the general FPI praxis, experts reported using several information types, while the general perceived usefulness of these sources varied.DiscussionThe professional groups relied partly on a “core” of information sources, but some case-specific adaptations were found. The professional groups’ inclination to suspect SMD also varied somewhat. This indicates a need to explore the potential consequences of these similarities and differences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decision-Making Within Forensic Psychiatric Investigations: The Use of Various Information Sources by Different Expert Groups to Reach Conclusions on Legal Insanity

et al. 2022

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“…Totuși, fiecare expert își face și propria apreciere, întocmește un raport individual și în acesta decide ce implică constatările sale din punct de vedere profesional în raport cu întrebările puse de instanță. Psihiatrul judiciar ia în considerare aprecierile tuturor experților și decide asupra recomandărilor generale și întocmește raportul final asupra cazului examinat [7].…”

Section: Psihiatria Judiciară șI Devierile De Comportament a Minorilorunclassified

The peculiarities of medico-legal psychiatric expertise in minors, found in the practice of forensic psychiatry

Ostrovari¹

2023

Vector European

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Psychiatric medico-legal expertise is a way to ascertain the deviation from the social and cultural norms of society. In the case of minors, the same legal norms are applied, often without taking into account the fact that the deviant behavior of minors is a form of protest against his capacity for adaptation and psychological, cognitive and social integration. The purpose of the article is to establish the particularities of the medico-legal psychiatric expertise in minors from the perspective of the practice of forensic psychiatry. The paper identified the differences between the classic norms of forensic psychiatry, the specifics of minors' behavioral deviations, Sweden's experience regarding the general theoretical framework in forensic psychiatry, the Theory of Dual Processes and is exemplified by the criminological profile of minors in relation to the norms of social adaptation and medico-legal psychiatric expertise.

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“…Today, a similar broad base of information sources is used, such as clinical observations, interviews with the offender, standardized testing, self-report forms (results compared to norms), but only rarely interviews with referees. Information sources considered of particular importance today are: meeting and interviewing the offender, and observations in the psychiatric ward where the FPI is conducted (Svensson et al, 2022). The main differences in information gathering between 1930s and 2020s is how referees are contacted and which information is considered relevant to the FPI.…”

Section: Analysis Of Similarities and Differences: Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Possibly mad? Marital murder in the early twentieth century: a matched-case gender analysis of forensic psychiatric investigations in Sweden

Karlén,

Nilsson

2023

Hist Psychiatry

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This study illustrates the impact on forensic psychiatric investigations (FPI) of time-specific scientific theories and moral normative considerations. A comparative historical perspective illustrates historical FPI procedures (i.e. methodology and focus), based on two matched FPI case reports from the 1930s: a man and a woman who had shot their respective spouses. First, in the analysis, a comparison was made between the two cases regarding assessment procedure and focus, applying a gender perspective, and second, stability and change in FPI praxis between the 1930s and the 2020s were identified. Similarities and differences were discussed based on changes in FPI praxis and influence of explanatory models within psychiatry. This can aid understanding of historical bias and indicate current bias and its risks to FPI reliability.

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The decision-making process in Swedish forensic psychiatric investigations

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Decision-Making Within Forensic Psychiatric Investigations: The Use of Various Information Sources by Different Expert Groups to Reach Conclusions on Legal Insanity

Decision-Making Within Forensic Psychiatric Investigations: The Use of Various Information Sources by Different Expert Groups to Reach Conclusions on Legal Insanity

The peculiarities of medico-legal psychiatric expertise in minors, found in the practice of forensic psychiatry

Possibly mad? Marital murder in the early twentieth century: a matched-case gender analysis of forensic psychiatric investigations in Sweden

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