The "Decline and Fall" of Nontyphoidal Salmonella in the United Kingdom

O’Brien, Sarah J.

doi:10.1093/cid/cis967

Cited by 116 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…These findings may have been strongly associated with the contaminations in layer flocks. The overshoe samples in the present study were positive for Salmonella on both of the contaminated farms, which was consistent with the results reported by CarriqueMas et al (2009) and Dewaele et al (2012a, b), suggesting that samples of overshoes and floors are promising indicators for the presence or absence of Salmonella in layer flocks (O'Brien, 2013;Gosling et al, 2014). In the present study, the Salmonella contamination rate of eggshells was 2.29% (11/480).…”

Section: Eric-pcr Fingerprinting and Clustering Analysissupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, the worldwide epidemic of infectious diseases known to be caused by various serotypes of Salmonella has brought the public health hazard to the forefront (Morpeth et al, 2009;Arnold et al, 2010;Raufu et al, 2013). Although the egg industry has taken measures, such as cleaning and disinfection, to decrease the prevalence of Salmonella and a large reduction in infections in poultry and humans was subsequently reported, residual contaminations still exist in laying houses (CarriqueMas et al, 2009;O'Brien, 2013;Gosling et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<i>Salmonella</i> Contamination in Layer Farms in China: Detection and Genetic Analysis

Liu

et al. 2018

J. Poult. Sci.

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Salmonella is the most common cause of foodborne illnesses worldwide. Poultry eggs are a major contamination source of Salmonella. The prevalence of Salmonella has been effectively reduced since a series of measures were taken to reduce contamination in egg-laying houses. In the present study, 1,512 environmental samples obtained from layer farms of different production scales were screened in a voluntary Salmonella survey study. Contaminations were detected using a PCR method. Genetic relationships among Salmonella samples were specified using molecular typing by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR. The survey results showed that two layer farms, located in the Shandong and Hebei provinces, were contaminated with Salmonella. Thirty-one samples from these two farms, including feed, drinking nipples, egg collection belt, air inlets and outlets, air, overshoes, and eggshells, were identified as Salmonella-positive. It was observed that certain samples within the henhouses as well as in the egg collecting areas showed relatively high genetic similarities. The survey conclusively revealed minor Salmonella contamination in northern China. Moreover, various areas within the layer farms were identified as part of the propagation chain of Salmonella. Furthermore, evidence of cross-contamination of Salmonella was found in the laying houses and egg collection areas, even between these two regions. Therefore, it is necessary to establish routine Salmonella detection and subsequent environmental control measures in order to decrease the prevalence of Salmonella.

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Section: Eric-pcr Fingerprinting and Clustering Analysissupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>Salmonella</i> Contamination in Layer Farms in China: Detection and Genetic Analysis

Liu

et al. 2018

J. Poult. Sci.

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“…One possible explanation for this is differences in their egg providers. In the United Kingdom, there are vaccine programs in place for laying poultry flocks to help prevent the transmission of non-typhoidal Salmonella (O'Brien, 2013). This vaccination program was prompted by a large Salmonella epidemic in the early '90s and has since caused a significant decline in the incidences of non-typhoidal Salmonella in humans (O'Brien, 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the United Kingdom, there are vaccine programs in place for laying poultry flocks to help prevent the transmission of non-typhoidal Salmonella (O'Brien, 2013). This vaccination program was prompted by a large Salmonella epidemic in the early '90s and has since caused a significant decline in the incidences of non-typhoidal Salmonella in humans (O'Brien, 2013). A study from the United Kingdom examined pooled raw shelled egg mix for Salmonella contamination in hundreds of food service establishments and found only one contaminated sample, suggesting that there are low rates of Salmonella contamination (Gormley et al, 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological quality of Portuguese custard tarts in Toronto—a pilot study

Park¹,

Moos²,

Young³

et al. 2017

Environ. Health Rev.

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Custard poses a health risk as it can support microbial growth; however, few studies have investigated custard tarts as a potential hazard. Custard tarts were sampled from 14 Toronto bakeries for microbial quality, pH, and water activity. The custard tarts displayed the ability to support microbial growth, with a pH of between 6.3 and 6.5 and a water activity of between 0.94 and 0.96. No microbiological results exceeded the Ontario limits for post-production contamination levels of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and coliforms. It was concluded the heat used during the baking process likely kills any pathogens present and creates a surface too dry to support microbial growth. Therefore, custard tarts may not inherently pose the same risk as non-contained custard desserts.

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“…During the 2000s, S. Enteritidis was one of the most frequent serovars associated with worldwide outbreaks of diseases transmitted by food containing poultry or eggs (EFSA, 2007;CDC, 2011;Fernandes et al, 2006;O'Brien, 2012). Although, in lower numbers, reports of human foodborne salmonellosis caused by S. Havana, S. Mbandaka, S. Braenderup (other serovars isolated in this study) have been described (Taunay et al 1996;Tavechio et al 1996;Fernandes et al, 2006;CDC, 2011).…”

Section: Flocks Of Adult Laying Hens From Farms Serovarsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Salmonella serovars in laying hen flocks and commercial table eggs from a region of São Paulo state, Brazil

Neto

Galdino

Campello

et al. 2014

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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Salmonella spp. is the main originator of human foodborne diseases worldwide and is mainly transmitted by food containing eggs. In Brazil, as a result of the lack of studies and data collection very little is known about the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in laying hen flocks and commercial table eggs. Consequently the present study was elaborated and aimed at generating data about Salmonella spp. in part of the Brazilian egg production chain. Eight flocks of day-old chicks, eight flocks of adult laying hens (four vaccinated with bacterin against Salmonella Enteritidis and four unvaccinated) and commercial table eggs from four supermarkets were examined. Salmonella spp. was isolated in 50 % of the newly hatched chicks, 25 % of the adult flocks and 1.5 % of egg samples examined. S. enterica subsp. enterica 4,12:r:-, S. Mbandaka, S. enterica subsp. enterica 6,7: z10:-, S. Enteritidis and S. Havana were the serovars isolated in birds. In commercial table-eggs S. Mbandaka, S. enterica subsp. enterica 6,7: z10:-and S. Braenderup were isolated. These results show that Salmonella spp. is present in laying hen flocks and consequently in eggs destined for human consumption. Probably, some of the Salmonella serovars are being introduced in egg farms by vertical via.

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The "Decline and Fall" of Nontyphoidal Salmonella in the United Kingdom

Abstract: A remarkable decline in nontyphoidal salmonellosis in the United Kingdom since the late 1990s coincides closely with the introduction of voluntary vaccination programs in broiler-breeder and laying flocks, demonstrating the success of this concerted, industry-led public health action.

Cited by 116 publications

References 41 publications

<i>Salmonella</i> Contamination in Layer Farms in China: Detection and Genetic Analysis

<i>Salmonella</i> Contamination in Layer Farms in China: Detection and Genetic Analysis

Microbiological quality of Portuguese custard tarts in Toronto—a pilot study

Salmonella serovars in laying hen flocks and commercial table eggs from a region of São Paulo state, Brazil

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