The decline of discrimination against colored people in South Africa, 1970 to 1980

Why South Africa's Apartheid Economy Failed

“…The dismantling of job reservation and liberalizing of the labor market, which commenced in the 1970s (P. Moll, 1992) and culminated in the 1980s with repeal of the pass laws and influx control legislation (Jones and Muller, 1992, p. 291), largely represented responses to the increasingly crippling effects of these restrictions on the growing manufacturing sector. The ascendancy of manufacturing meant an increasing complementarity between black labor and white-owned capital and skilled labor.…”

Trade unions vs. statistical discrimination: Theory and application to post-apartheid South Africa

“…Hence, several studies (Allanson et al, 2000;Hinks and Watson, 2001;Knight and McGrath, 1987;Moll, 1992Moll, , 1995Rospabé, 2002) aimed at estimating the degree of wage discrimination between South African workers of different races. Knight and McGrath as well as Moll conclude that wage discrimination has been decreasing over the 1970s and 1980s.…”

Estimating the Substitutability of African and White Workers in South African Manufacturing, 1950–1985

“…The Factories, Machinery and Building Work Act (1941) required employers to provide separate restrooms, eating facilities, ablution facilities and even entrances for different race groups, making it very difficult for small firms to hire workers from two different race groups (Moll 1992). The Apprenticeship Act of 1944 made it impossible for Africans to serve as apprentices and therefore to become artisans and they were therefore excluded from skilled artisanal employment.…”

“…Further restrictions on the hiring of African workers took the form of bureaucratic control of the employment process (Doxey 1961, Moll 1992, Guelke 2005. The Group Areas Act (1950) required Africans to reside in areas specifically dedicated to African residence, areas ultimately known as homelands.…”