The decomposition products of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate in an engine and their interaction with diesel soot

Hosonuma, Kunihiko; Yoshida, Kazuo; Matsunaga, Akio

doi:10.1016/0043-1648(85)90027-4

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However in the Discussion to [2] it was noted that removal of most of the soot from an oil restored the wear properties back to those of the fresh oil, which would not be expected if ZDDP were removed by the soot. Subsequently Hosonuma showed that soot preferentially adsorbs the zinc-containing anti-wear intermediates rather than the phosphoruscontaining species generally believed to form antiwear films [18]. Kawamura [19], Berbezier [6] and Gautam [20] also found no noticeable adsorption of phosphorus compounds on soot particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Antagonistic Interaction of Antiwear Additives and Carbon Black

2009

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SUMMARYIt is well known that the presence of soot in engine oils can lead to an increase in wear of engine parts. This is a growing problem as soot levels in diesel engine oils are rising due to a combination of extended drain intervals and the various methods employed to reduce NOx formation such as retarded ignition and exhaust gas recirculation.Several different mechanisms have been proposed by which soot might lead to an increase in wear in mixed lubrication conditions, of which the most widely favoured is abrasion by soot, either of the rubbing metallic parts in engines or of the antiwear additive films formed on rubbing metal surfaces.In this study it is shown that the combination of mixed alkyl ZDDP and carbon black (used as soot surrogate) is strongly antagonistic in terms of wear. In a lubricant containing carbon black, the presence of ZDDP leads to considerably more wear than if ZDDP is left out. A similar, though less severe antagonism is also seen with primary ZDDP and other antiwear and EP additives. By varying the lubricant film thickness it is shown that the effect of carbon black in ZDDP-containing oils is to promote wear up to quite thick hydrodynamic film conditions, approaching the secondary carbon black particle size.It is proposed that the antagonistic wear effect results from a corrosion-abrasive mechanism in which the reaction film formed by antiwear additive and rubbing metal surface is very rapidly and continually abraded by carbon black. At most carbon black concentrations, wear rate then becomes controlled by the rate of initial antiwear additive film formation, which for secondary ZDDP is very rapid, rather than by the kinetics of the abrasive process.From this understanding, strategies for reducing the impact of engine soot on wear can be deduced.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Antagonistic Interaction of Antiwear Additives and Carbon Black

2009

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“…Some workers have also reported wear by adhesion [10,12] and by a polishing mechanism [6,8]. Soot has been reported to embed on the mating surfaces by mechanical indentation [8] or a chemical mechanism [5,8,[18][19][20] where especially the nongraphitic soot etches out the additive induced boundary film to preferentially transport hard soot particle to active sites. This two body abrasion may be modulated by a beneficial enhancement of viscosity [9,21,22] and a concomitant increase in the liquid film thickness [21,22] at contact due to fine soot dispersions in the liquid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Relationship Between Physical Structure and Tribology of Single Soot Particles Generated by Burning Ethylene

Bhowmick

Biswas

2011

Tribol Lett

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Ethylene gas is burnt and the soot generated is sampled thermophoretically at different heights along the flame axis starting from a region close to the root of the flame. The morphology and crystallinity of the particle are recorded using high resolution transmission electron microscopes. The hardness of a single particle is measured using a nanoindenter. The frictional resistance and material removal of a particle are measured using an atomic force microscope. The particles present in the mid-flame region are found to have a crystalline shell. The ones at the flame root are found to be highly disordered and the ones at the flame tip and above have randomly distributed pockets of short range order. The physical state of a particle is found to relate, but not very strongly, with the mechanical and tribological properties of the particles.

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“…The study reports that ZDDP decomposes into zinc free phosphorus compounds and phosphorous free zinc compounds in an engine. And further only the free zinc is capable of combining with soot as an agglomerate and not phosphorus (Hosonuma et al, 1985). In relation to the current study, the results might be indicative of a similar decomposition of possible ZDDP additives in the lubrication oil that manifests itself as free phosphorus and zinc fractions in the exhaust, and further forming particles in the NP size bin.…”

Section: Particle Mass Analysis Correlationssupporting

confidence: 65%

Characterization of the composition and toxicity of particulate matter emissions from advanced heavy-duty natural gas engines

Padmavathy¹

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Heavy-duty natural gas engines compliant with the 2010 EPA emissions standards have a clear advantage over diesel engines in meeting regulations with minimal after-treatment configuration. Heavy-duty natural gas engines are largely promoted as a cleaner burning engine with respect to low PM mass emissions. However, lack of sufficient data and literature on the exhaust emissions from advanced natural gas engines and the potential adverse health effects has raised concern amongst regulatory agencies. Also, the ammonia emissions from three-way catalyst equipped heavy-duty natural gas engines could be a major contributor to the formation of secondary PM in the atmosphere This CARB funded study focuses primarily on characterizing the toxicity of the volatile fraction of PM from advanced heavy-duty natural gas engines. The objective of the study also includes characterizing the unregulated species of the exhaust together with number concentration and size distribution of ultrafine nanoparticle emissions. CNG fueled transit buses were tested on WVU's heavy-duty chassis dynamometer in Stockton, CA. A wide array of TABLE OF CONTENTS

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The decomposition products of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate in an engine and their interaction with diesel soot

Cited by 41 publications

References 4 publications

Antagonistic Interaction of Antiwear Additives and Carbon Black

Antagonistic Interaction of Antiwear Additives and Carbon Black

Relationship Between Physical Structure and Tribology of Single Soot Particles Generated by Burning Ethylene

Characterization of the composition and toxicity of particulate matter emissions from advanced heavy-duty natural gas engines

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