The deep roots of the western Pyrenees revealed by full waveform inversion of teleseismic P waves

Wang, Yi; Chevrot, Sébastien; Monteiller, Vadim; Komatitsch, Dimitri; Mouthereau, Frédéric; Manatschal, Giänreto; Sylvander, Matthieu; Díaz, Jordi; Ruiz, Mario; Grimaud, Frank; Benahmed, Sébastien; Pauchet, Hélène; Martin, Roland

doi:10.1130/g37812.1

Cited by 125 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…They estimate total shortening to be 114 km. In the western Pyrenees, [274] postulate that a rift-inherited indenter of European mantle protruded into the delaminated Iberian crust. Part of this mantle wedge was affected by north-directed thrusting.…”

Section: Atlas Mountainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

Pfiffner

2017

Geosciences

125

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This paper gives an overview of the large-scale tectonic styles encountered in orogens worldwide. Thin-skinned and thick-skinned tectonics represent two end member styles recognized in mountain ranges. Both styles are encountered in former passive margins of continental plates. Thick-skinned style including the entire crust and possibly the lithospheric mantle are associated with intracontinental contraction. Delamination of subducting continental crust and horizontal protrusion of upper plate crust into the opening gap occurs in the terminal stage of continent-continent collision. Continental crust thinned prior to contraction is likely to develop relatively thin thrust sheets of crystalline basement. A true thin-skinned type requires a detachment layer of sufficient thickness. Thickness of the décollement layer as well as the mechanical contrast between décollement layer and detached cover control the style of folding and thrusting within the detached cover units. In subduction-related orogens, thin-and thick-skinned deformation may occur several hundreds of kilometers from the plate contact zone. Basin inversion resulting from horizontal contraction may lead to the formation of basement uplifts by the combined reactivation of pre-existing normal faults and initiation of new reverse faults. In most orogens thick-skinned and thin-skinned structures both occur and evolve with a pattern where nappe stacking propagates outward and downward.

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Section: Atlas Mountainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

Pfiffner

2017

Geosciences

125

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“…Certainly, the deep crustal reflectivity is weak along the entire reflection line (Daignières et al, 1994), but discontinuous reflections at 8-10 s TWT (not weaker than in much of the rest of the profile) interpreted as the Moho can be traced until below the Mendibelza massif in the southern end of the profile (Teixell, 1998) (Fig. 10), and thus cross-cutting the geometry postulated by Wang et al (2016). To the east of Labourd, the thick band of reflectivity at the deep North Pyrenean frontal thrust…”

Section: Significance Of High-density Bodies In the Crustmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But the prominence of the North Pyrenean maxima is commonly attributed to discontinuous high-density (≥2900 Kg m -3 ) bodies at shallow depth. These have been interpreted either as thrust slices (made of lower crust or upper mantle material; Torné et al, 1989;Casas et al, 1997;Vacher and Souriau, 2001;Pedreira et a., 2007;Jammes et al, 2010b) tectonically emplaced onto the North Pyrenean basement, or as autochthonous upper mantle uprises (Wang et al, 2016). Another debatable point resides in the southward extension of lower crustal and Moho reflections in the adjacent ECORS-Arzacq profile.…”

Section: Significance Of High-density Bodies In the Crustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustal structure and evolution of the Pyrenean-Cantabrian belt: A review and new interpretations from recent concepts and data

et al. 2018

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International audienceThis paper provides a synthesis of current data and interpretations on the crustal structure of the Pyrenean-Cantabrian orogenic belt, and presents new tectonic models for representative transects. The Pyrenean orogeny lasted from Santonian (~84 Ma) to early Miocene times (~20 Ma), and consisted of a spatial and temporal succession of oceanic crust/exhumed mantle subduction, rift inversion and continental collision processes at the Iberia-Eurasia plate boundary. A good coverage by active-source (vertical-incidence and wide-angle reflection) and passive-source (receiver functions) seismic studies, coupled with surface data have led to a reasonable knowledge of the present-day crustal architecture of the Pyrenean-Cantabrian belt, although questions remain. Seismic imaging reveals a persistent structure, from the central Pyrenees to the central Cantabrian Mountains, consisting of a wedge of Eurasian lithosphere indented into the thicker Iberian plate, whose lower crust is detached and plunges northwards into the mantle. For the Pyrenees, a new scheme of relationships between the southern upper crustal thrust sheets and the Axial Zone is here proposed. For the Cantabrian belt, the depth reached by the N-dipping Iberian crust and the structure of the margin are also revised.The common occurrence of lherzolite bodies in the northern Pyrenees and the seismic velocity and potential field record of the Bay of Biscay indicate that the precursor of the Pyrenees was a hyperextended and strongly segmented rift system, where narrow domains of exhumed mantle separated the thinned Iberian and Eurasian continental margins since the Albian-Cenomanian. The exhumed mantle in the Pyrenean rift was largely covered by a Mesozoic sedimentary lid that had locally glided along detachments in Triassic evaporites. Continental margin collision in the Pyrenees was preceded by subduction of the exhumed mantle, accompanied by the pop-up thrust expulsion of the off-scraped sedimentary lid above. To the west, oceanic subduction of the Bay of Biscay under the North Iberian margin is supported by an upper plate thrust wedge, gravity and magnetic anomalies, and 3D inclined sub-crustal reflections. However, discrepancies remain for the location of continent-ocean transitions in the Bay of Biscay and for the extent of oceanic subduction. The plate-kinematic evolution during the Mesozoic, which involves issues as the timing and total amount of opening, as well as the role of strike-slip drift, is also under debate, discrepancies arising from first-order interpretations of the adjacent oceanic magnetic anomaly record

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“…The length of the subducted slab of European lower crust is subject of discussion; estimates range from 90 km for the west Central Pyrenees [259] to 130 km for the Eastern Pyrenees [261]. In the western Pyrenees, [263] postulate that a rift-inherited indenter of European mantle protruded into the delaminated Iberian crust. Part of this mantle wedge was affected by north-directed thrusting.…”

Section: Pyreneesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

Pfiffner¹

2017

Preprint

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This paper gives an overview of the large-scale tectonic styles encountered in orogens worldwide. Thin-skinned and thick-skinned tectonics represents two end member styles recognized in mountain ranges. A thick-skinned tectonic style is typical for margins of continental plates. Thick-skinned style including the entire crust and possibly the lithospheric mantle are associated with intracontinental contraction. Delamination of subducting continental crust and horizontal protrusion of upper plate crust into the opening gap occurs in the terminal stage of continent-continent collision. Continental crust thinned prior to contraction is likely to develop relatively thin thrust sheets of crystalline basement. A true thin-skinned type requires a detachment layer of sufficient thickness. Thickness of the décollement layer as well as the mechanical contrast between décollement layer and detached cover control the style of folding and thrusting within the detached cover units. In subduction related orogens, thin-and thick-skinned deformation may occur several hundreds of kilometers from the plate contact zone. Basin inversion resulting from horizontal contraction may lead to the formation of basement uplifts by the combined reactivation of pre-existing normal faults and initiation of new reverse faults. In composite orogens thick-skinned and thin-skinned structures evolve with a pattern where nappe stacking propagates outward and downward.

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The deep roots of the western Pyrenees revealed by full waveform inversion of teleseismic P waves

Abstract: International audienc

Cited by 125 publications

References 28 publications

Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

Crustal structure and evolution of the Pyrenean-Cantabrian belt: A review and new interpretations from recent concepts and data

Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

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