The highest seismic activity is observed along the Kuril Island Arc. Here the Pacific Plate is moving towards and being subducted under the continent, forming a seismic zone traced to a depth of 700 km. The seismicity is a result of the active subduction zone tectonics in the region. In the west, the Okhotsk Sea Plate is bounded by deep faults extending along Sakhalin. The deep faults correspond mostly to the system of right-lateral strike-slip faults and thrusts. There the earthquakes for the major part are localized in the crust (Zlobin, 2005). Shallow-focus earthquakes are connected with rift structures of a Kuril Basin and Tatar Strait Trough (Rodnikov et al., 2005). Okhotsk Sea Geotraverse The Okhotsk Sea Geotraverse crosses Sikhote Alin, Sakhalin, the Kuril Basin, Kuril Island Arc and Pacific (Fig. 3). The crust is constructed according to data from Galperin and Kosminskaya (1964), Zverev and Tulina (1971), Rodkin and Rodnikov (1996), and Piip and Rodnikov (2004), the upper mantle is constructed from Structure and Dynamics of the Lithosphere and Asthenosphere of the Okhotsk The deep structure of the Sea of Okhotsk under seismically dangerous regions is studied. The main feature of the deep structure in the region is the occurrence of an asthenospheric layer in the upper mantle. Asthenospheric diapirs can effectively rise through the crust, causing destruction of the lithosphere, formation of deep basins, faults and rifts accompanied by shallow-focus earthquakes, and eruptions of volcanoes. The vast majority of earthquakes are confined to the Kuril Island Arc, where the Pacific Plate is subducted under the continent. The seismicity in the region is a result of active tectonics in the subduction zone. This zone is traced to a depth of 700 km. In the west, the Okhotsk Sea Region is bounded by the deep faults extending along Sakhalin, where earthquakes are localized in the crust. The ancient subduction zone under Sakhalin is established. In the late Cretaceous to Paleogene the subduction of the Okhotsk Sea Plate under Sakhalin ceased. The reactivation of this ancient subduction zone may currently be in response to the strong earthquakes in Sakhalin.