The default mode network in cognition: a topographical perspective

Smallwood, Jonathan; Bernhardt, Boris C.; Leech, Robert; Bzdok, Danilo; Jefferies, Elizabeth; Margulies, Daniel S.

doi:10.1038/s41583-021-00474-4

Cited by 617 publications

(483 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…The spontaneous activity itself has recently been associated with various internally oriented cognitive functions like mind-wandering ( Smallwood and Schooler, 2015 ; Christoff et al, 2016 ; Northoff, 2018 ), mental time travel or episodic simulation ( Schacter et al, 2012 ; Northoff, 2017 ), autobiographical memory, and self-referential processing ( Northoff et al, 2006 ; Northoff, 2016 ). Hence, the spatial topography of the spontaneous activity may itself be related to different forms of cognition ( Smallwood et al, 2021 ; Yeshurun et al, 2021 ). This leaves open how the spontaneous activity mediates such cognitive (and also affective and social) functions during both resting state and task-related activity, though.…”

Section: Part I: Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience – Views Of Psyche And Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Project for a Spatiotemporal Neuroscience” – Brain and Psyche Share Their Topography and Dynamic

Northoff

Scalabrini

2021

Front. Psychol.

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What kind of neuroscience does psychoanalysis require? At his time, Freud in his “Project for a Scientific Psychology” searched for a model of the brain that could relate to incorporate the psyche’s topography and dynamic. Current neuropsychoanalysis builds on specific functions as investigated in Affective and Cognitive (and Social) Neuroscience including embodied approaches. The brain’s various functions are often converged with prediction as operationalized in predictive coding (PC) and free energy principle (FEP) which, recently, have been conceived as core for a “New Project for Scientific Psychology.” We propose to search for a yet more comprehensive and holistic neuroscience that focuses primarily on its topography and dynamic analogous to Freud’s model of the psyche. This leads us to what we describe as “Spatiotemporal Neuroscience” that focuses on the spatial topography and temporal dynamic of the brain’s neural activity including how they shape affective, cognitive, and social functions including PC and FEP (first part). That is illustrated by the temporally and spatially nested neural hierarchy of the self in the brain’s neural activity (second and third part). This sets the ground for developing our proposed “Project for a Spatiotemporal Neuroscience,” which complements and extends both Freud’s and Solms’ projects (fourth part) and also carries major practical implications as it lays the ground for a novel form of neuroscientifically informed psychotherapy, namely, “Spatiotemporal Psychotherapy.” In conclusion, “Spatiotemporal Neuroscience” provides an intimate link of brain and psyche by showing topography and dynamic as their shared features, that is, “common currency.”

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Section: Part I: Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience – Views Of Psyche And Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Project for a Spatiotemporal Neuroscience” – Brain and Psyche Share Their Topography and Dynamic

Northoff

Scalabrini

2021

Front. Psychol.

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“…In the context of the whole cortex, the DMN occupies a distinct topographic position (Smallwood et al, 2021a). Parts of the DMN are situated most distally from primary sensory and motor areas (Leech et al, 2014;Margulies et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecture of the Human Default Mode Network: Cytoarchitecture, Wiring and Signal Flow

Paquola

Garber

Frässle

et al. 2021

Preprint

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It is challenging to specify the role of the default mode network (DMN) in human behaviour. Contemporary theories, based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), suggest that the DMN is insulated from the external world, which allows it to support perceptually-decoupled states and to integrate external and internal information in the construction of abstract meanings. To date, the neuronal architecture of the DMN has received relatively little attention. Understanding the cytoarchitectural composition and connectional layout of the DMN will provide novel insights into its role in brain function. We mapped cytoarchitectural variation within the DMN using a cortical type atlas and a histological model of the entire human brain. Next, we used MRI acquired in healthy young adults to explicate structural wiring and effective connectivity. We discovered profound diversity of DMN cytoarchitecture. Connectivity is organised along the most dominant cytoarchitectural axis. One side of the axis is the prominent receiver, whereas the other side remains more insulated, especially from sensory areas. The structural heterogeneity of the DMN engenders a network-level balance in communication with external and internal sources, which is distinctive, relative to other functional communities. The neuronal architecture of the DMN suggests it is a protuberance from the core cortical processing hierarchy and holds a unique role in information integration.

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“…Long-distance connections are likely key for distributed human brain function, and it is widely assumed that the associated high wiring costs are offset by gains in global communication efficiency [5][6][7][8][9]56,57 . The present study integrated rs-fMRI connectivity analysis and cortex-wide geodesic distance mapping, and differentiated transmodal regions embedded within long-range networks from sensory and motor networks embedded in short-range subgraphs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-range connections mirror and link microarchitectural and cognitive hierarchies in the human brain

Wang

Royer

Park

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Core features of higher-order cognition are hypothesized to be implemented via distributed cortical networks that are linked via long-range connections. However, these connections are biologically expensive, and it is unknown how the computational advantages long-range connections provide overcome the associated wiring costs. Our study investigated this question by exploring the relationship between long-range functional connections and local cortical microarchitecture. Specifically, our work (i) profiled distant cortical connectivity using resting-state fMRI and cortico-cortical geodesic distance mapping, (ii) assessed how long-range connections reflect local brain microarchitecture, and (iii) studied the microarchitectural similarity of regions connected through long-range connections. Analysis of two independent datasets indicated that sensory and motor areas had more clustered short-range connectivity patterns, while transmodal association cortices, including regions of the default mode network, were characterized by distributed, long-range connections. Confirmatory meta-analysis suggested that this topographical difference mirrored a shift in cognitive function, from perception/action towards emotional and social cognitive processing. Analysis of myelin-sensitive in vivo MRI in the same participants as well as post mortem histology and gene expression established that gradients in functional connectivity distance are paralleled by those present in cortical microarchitecture. Moreover, long-range connections were found to link together spatially remote regions of association cortex with an unexpectedly similar microarchitecture. These findings provide novel insights into how the organization of distributed functional networks in transmodal association cortex contribute to cognition, because they suggest that long-range connections link together distant islands of association cortex with similar microstructural features.

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The default mode network in cognition: a topographical perspective

Cited by 617 publications

References 140 publications

“Project for a Spatiotemporal Neuroscience” – Brain and Psyche Share Their Topography and Dynamic

“Project for a Spatiotemporal Neuroscience” – Brain and Psyche Share Their Topography and Dynamic

Architecture of the Human Default Mode Network: Cytoarchitecture, Wiring and Signal Flow

Long-range connections mirror and link microarchitectural and cognitive hierarchies in the human brain

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