“…Among them, Leminen and colleagues (2012) classify living labs as user-, enabler-, utilizer-, or provider-driven. Moreover, the outcomes of innovation activities are linked with the characteristics of the living lab, its driving party, and the selected strategy -and the living lab's structure is that of an open innovation network Steen & van Bueren, 2017;Veeckman et al, 2013). Similar to the notion of open innovation networks (Jarvenpaa & Wernick, 2012), living labs typically comprise different stakeholders, such as suppliers, customers and users, competitors, research units of universities, and other institutions and organizations, all of whom brings their interests to the collaboration and innovation.…”