The degradation of pinhole free poly (1,3-dihydroxybenzene) films in sodium hydroxide for the production of microelectrode ensembles

Kennedy, Brendan M.; Cunnane, Vincent J.

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.12.008

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…1b the current reaches 1 mA at 700 mV) forming molecular phenol, and its partition could explain that the height of the oxidation wave beyond the sixth scan exceeded that of the 1st scan [19]. Furthermore, it was shown by Kennedy and Cunnane [26,27] that, at a scale time of a few minutes, pore ensembles are produced from the degradation of poly(3-aminophenol) films by sodium hydroxide solution (0.01-0.1 mol L -1 ). In the same way, one can assume that the polymer film obtained by electro-oxidation of the phenol can be chemically attacked by the alkaline solution, which would lead the forming of pores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Influence of temperature and applied potential on the permeability of polyphenol films prepared on vitreous carbon in acid and alkaline media

Tahar

Savall

2013

J Appl Electrochem

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The electrochemical polymerization of phenol is known to rapidly produce a thin insulating film at the anode surface. This film generally blocks further polymerization. The objective of this study is to show that, depending on the operating conditions, polymeric films resulting from phenol oxidation present different properties and that certain films can be so porous that they allow the oxidation of phenol to continue. The deposition of polyphenol films with improved permeability could be attractive in the removal of phenol from polluted solutions. Polyphenol films were prepared in aqueous solution on a vitreous carbon anode either by cyclic voltammetry or by electro-oxidation at constant potential. The apparent permeability P (%) of the films prepared by these techniques was evaluated by monitoring changes in the electrode response towards phenol and potassium ferricyanide at 25 and 85°C and as a function of the potential applied during electropolymerization performed either in acidic (1 mol L-1 H 2 SO 4) or in alkaline (1 mol L-1 NaOH) aqueous solution. It was shown that: (1) the polyphenol film electrosynthesized in alkaline medium was more permeable than that prepared in acidic medium, (2) the apparent permeability was higher when the polyphenol film was electrosynthesized with simultaneous oxygen evolution and (3) the use of a high temperature in the polyphenol film preparation, especially in the presence of a concomitant oxygen evolution, significantly enhanced its apparent permeability (P C 100 %). These results are interpreted in terms of a mixed-transport mechanism involving both pore and membrane diffusion. The effect of the permeability of the polymeric film on the removal of phenol from aqueous solution by electropolymerization is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Influence of temperature and applied potential on the permeability of polyphenol films prepared on vitreous carbon in acid and alkaline media

Tahar

Savall

2013

J Appl Electrochem

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“…S1. An alkaline medium was chosen to avoid degradation of polymerised o-PD films (Kennedy and Cunnane, 2008) and denaturation of template protein molecules at extreme pH. The resulting MIP TnT receptor film was further characterised using AFM, while NIP was taken as reference.…”

Section: Electrochemical Evaluation Of Tnt Mip Receptormentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical evaluation of troponin T imprinted polymer receptor

Karimian

Turner

Tiwari

2014

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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The selective detection and quantification of macromolecular targets is a fundamental biological mechanism in nature. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been identified as one of the most promising synthetic alternatives to bioreceptors. However, expanding this methodology towards selective recognition of bulky templates such as proteins appears to be extremely challenging due to problems associated with removal of the template from the polymeric network. In this study, polymer imprinted with troponin T (TnT) was assessed using

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“…The electrochemical oxidation of 1,4-dihydroxybenzene, in contrast to what is observed for 1,2 dihydroxybenzene, [1][2][3][4] and 1,3 dihydroxybenzene, [5][6][7] does not usually result in the deposition of insulating polymer layers on electrode surfaces. The observed behavior is often quite complex and demonstrates a dependence on various factors such as pH 8 but in general the oxidation of 1,4-dihydroxybenzene results in the formation of benzoquinone.…”

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confidence: 99%

Voltammetric Studies of 1,4-dihydroxybenzene and 4-hydroxybenzyl Alcohol Prepared in Aqueous Solutions at Various pH Values

Barham

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The electrochemical oxidation of 1,4-dihydroxybenzene and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4 HBA) in aqueous solutions of different pH values has been studied. The deposition of polymer films on gold electrodes from solutions of 4 HBA was demonstrated by the rapid decrease in current observed in cyclic voltammograms (CVs) subsequent to the first scan. In contrast, no polymer films were formed at the electrode surfaces from solutions of 1,4-dihydroxybenzene regardless of the pH. The eigenvalues for the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) for both molecules, at all pH values studied, has been calculated and correlated, where possible, with oxidation potentials.The electrochemical oxidation of 1,4-dihydroxybenzene, in contrast to what is observed for 1,2 dihydroxybenzene, 1-4 and 1,3 dihydroxybenzene, 5-7 does not usually result in the deposition of insulating polymer layers on electrode surfaces. The observed behavior is often quite complex and demonstrates a dependence on various factors such as pH 8 but in general the oxidation of 1,4-dihydroxybenzene results in the formation of benzoquinone. 9 This reaction occurs in protic solvents and involves protonation/deprotonation reactions. This dependence on pH gives rise to the use of the 1,4-dihydroxybenzene /benzoquinone as the basis for a pH electrode. 10 Most studies of the aqueous electrochemistry of 1,4-dihydroxybenzene use buffered solutions. Recently, Chaudhari et al., 11 studied the electrochemistry of 1,4-dihydroxybenzene in unbuffered, neutral aqueous solutions and demonstrated that the behavior is highly complex. In aprotic media (such as acetonitrile) no protons are available so the oxidation products, a semiquinone and a quinone dianion, are different. 12 The electrochemistry of the related compound 4 HBA has not been studied in aqueous solutions. The behavior of 4 HBA in basic methanol solutions has been studied by Pham et al., 13 and they demonstrated that the electrochemical oxidation of 4 HBA leads to the deposition of polymers films on the electrode surface.The electrochemical behavior of 4 HBA is compared to that of 1,4-dihydroxybenzene and a link is made between oxidation potentials, pKa and the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the molecules in different states of ionization.The main focus of the paper is to study the electropolymerization of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in aqueous solutions. 1,4 dihydroxybenzene has received some attention in the past and it is specifically studied at neutral pH in unbuffered solutions. 11 The study of 1,4 dihydroxybenzene in this paper is really to serve as a contrast to the behavior of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol. Hence the 1,4-dihydroxybenzene compound has been studied at the same potential range as 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol. ExperimentalAll chemicals were analytical grade and used without further purification. 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4 HBA) (98%), 1,4-dihydroxybenzene (99%), potassium chloride (99%), potassium ferrocyanide trihydrate (>98%), potassium ferricyanide (>98%) were all procured from A...

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The degradation of pinhole free poly (1,3-dihydroxybenzene) films in sodium hydroxide for the production of microelectrode ensembles

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Influence of temperature and applied potential on the permeability of polyphenol films prepared on vitreous carbon in acid and alkaline media

Influence of temperature and applied potential on the permeability of polyphenol films prepared on vitreous carbon in acid and alkaline media

Electrochemical evaluation of troponin T imprinted polymer receptor

Voltammetric Studies of 1,4-dihydroxybenzene and 4-hydroxybenzyl Alcohol Prepared in Aqueous Solutions at Various pH Values

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