The Degree of Masculine Differentiation of Obesities

Vague, J

doi:10.1093/ajcn/4.1.20

Cited by 1,197 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

108

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…[7] It has been reported that free fatty acids are released in larger proportion from upper body subcutaneous fat than lower body subcutaneous fat. [14] Moreover, NC has been used as an index for such an adverse risk profile.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Neck circumference as a marker of overweight and obesity and cutoff values for Bangladeshi adults

Qureshi

Hossain

Hassan

et al. 2017

Indian J Endocr Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective:There are several methods of assessing overweight and obesity. Several studies conducted in different populations indicate that neck circumference (NC) can be used as a simple measure of overweight and obesity. This study was conducted to evaluate NC as a marker of overweight and obesity and to determine respective cutoff values for Bangladeshi male and female participants.Research Design/Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional observational study was conducted with during July 2013–June 2014 among randomly selected 871 Bangladeshi participants (male = 496 [56.9%], female = 375 [43.1%], aged >18 years) who visited Outpatient Department of United Hospital, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic disorders, primary health-care centers located in Dhaka, Savar, Gazipur. NC of participants was taken in centimeter to the nearest 1 mm, using plastic tape measure. Main outcome included NC, waist circumferences (WC), body mass index (BMI), and waist: hip ratio (WHR).Results:Pearson's correlation coefficients indicated a significant association between NC and height (men, r = 0.33; women, r = 0.28; P < 0.0001), weight (men, r = 0.61; women, r = 0.55; P < 0.0001), BMI (men, r = 0.51; women, r = 0.41; P < 0.0001), WC (men, r = 0.61; women, r = 0.46; P < 0.0001), hip circumference (men, r = 0.61; women, r = 0.44; P < 0.0001), WHR (men, r = 0.22; women, r = 0.18; P < 0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that NC ≥34.75 cm in men (area under curve [AUC]: 0.77; P < 0.001) and ≥31.75 cm in women (AUC: 0.62; P < 0.001) were the best cutoff value for BMI ≥23 (overweight). NC ≥35.25 cm in men (AUC: 0.82; P < 0.001) and NC ≥34.25 cm in women (AUC: 0.76; P < 0.001) were the best cutoff value for BMI ≥27.5 (obesity). NC ≥35.25 cm in male (AUC: 0.83; P < 0.001) and NC ≥31.25 cm in women (AUC: 0.65; P < 0.001) were the best cutoff value for WC >90 cm in men and > 80 cm in women, respectively. NC ≥34.45 cm in male (AUC: 0.59; P = 0.001) and NC ≥31.25 cm in women (AUC: 0.66; P = 0.008) were the best cutoff value for WHR >0.9 in men and >0.8 in women, respectively.Conclusion:NC measurement is a simple, convenient, inexpensive screening measure to identify overweight and obese participants. Men with NC ≥34.75 cm and women with NC ≥31.75 cm are to be considered overweight while men with NC ≥35.25 cm and women with NC ≥34.25 cm are to be considered obese. NC ≥35.25 cm in male and NC ≥31.25 cm in women were the best cutoff value for abdominal obesity.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7] Through subsequent studies, it has been found that upper body obesity and fat distribution are more strongly associated with glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia, gout, hypertriglyceridemia, uric calculus, etc., than lower body obesity and fat distribution. [37]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neck circumference as a marker of overweight and obesity and cutoff values for Bangladeshi adults

Qureshi

Hossain

Hassan

et al. 2017

Indian J Endocr Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Higher levels of abdominal fat deposits are associated with lower insulin sensitivity. In 1956, Vague [37] described the first observations of this fact. The appearance of abdominal obesity was labeled as central or visceral obesity (apple-shaped fat distribution) and if the subjects had predominance of adiposity on the thighs and buttocks, they were labeled as having a peripheral or gluteofemoral (pear-shaped) fat distribution.…”

Section: Markers Of Irmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin Resistance Markers in Children

Eyzaguirre

Mericq

2009

Horm Res Paediatr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents is progressively increasing around the world. One of the important consequences of obesity is the development of insulin resistance (IR). This condition has a multifactorial pathogenesis and is associated with cardiovascular risk, diabetes, hypertension, polycystic-ovary syndrome and a shorter lifespan. IR during childhood may be diagnosed by physical examination or there may be clues in the histories of the patient and his/her family. When IR is suspected, tests on a blood sample (which are more reliable) are recommended. Most of the biochemical markers have been well defined in adults, but appropriate reference data for children are still lacking. Here we discuss the usefulness of various currently known biochemical markers to evaluate insulin sensitivity (homeostatic model assessment, the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, the oral glucose tolerance test, Matsuda method and the whole-body insulin resistance index), hormones (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, glucocorticoids, the insulin-like growth factor-1-binding protein/growth hormone axis, ghrelin, sex hormone-binding globulin and retinol-binding protein-4) and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, IL-6, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin), which can be used in the diagnosis of IR in children.

show abstract

“…18 Even before the Framingham Heart Study data, researchers reported on the potential mechanisms of hypertension in patients with obesity by linking the cardiovascular and metabolic complications of obesity to adipose tissue that is distributed primarily at and above the waistline (that is, upper-body obesity). 19 Contemporaneous studies reported metabolic abnormalities associated with upper-body obesity, including insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridaemia. 20,21 This concept was further refined in the 1980s when researchers demonstrated that an increase in the waist-to-hip ratio was associated with increased risk of hypertension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pathophysiology of hypertension in patients with obesity

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The combination of obesity and hypertension is associated with high morbidity and mortality because it leads to cardiovascular and kidney disease. Potential mechanisms linking obesity to hypertension include dietary factors, metabolic, endothelial and vascular dysfunction, neuroendocrine imbalances, sodium retention, glomerular hyperfiltration, proteinuria, and maladaptive immune and inflammatory responses. Visceral adipose tissue also becomes resistant to insulin and leptin and is the site of altered secretion of molecules and hormones such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, TNF and IL-6, which exacerbate obesity-associated cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence also suggests that the gut microbiome is important for modulating these mechanisms. Uric acid and altered incretin or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 activity further contribute to the development of hypertension in obesity. The pathophysiology of obesity-related hypertension is especially relevant to premenopausal women with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus who are at high risk of developing arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction. In this Review we discuss the relationship between obesity and hypertension with special emphasis on potential mechanisms and therapeutic targeting that might be used in a clinical setting.

show abstract

The Degree of Masculine Differentiation of Obesities

Cited by 1,197 publications

References 21 publications

Neck circumference as a marker of overweight and obesity and cutoff values for Bangladeshi adults

Neck circumference as a marker of overweight and obesity and cutoff values for Bangladeshi adults

Insulin Resistance Markers in Children

The pathophysiology of hypertension in patients with obesity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About