To Shigefumi Mori in friendship and admiration §1. Introduction 1.1. Q-Fano 3-folds A Q-Fano 3-fold is a projective 3-fold X with at worst terminal singularities and ample anticanonical divisor −K X . Here, bearing in mind Mori's fundamental notion of extremal ray, we assume also that X is Q-factorial and has rank 1, that is, Pic X ≃ Z or equivalently, Cl X ⊗ Q ≃ Q. We define the Fano and Q-Fano index of X by:where ∼ is linear equivalence and ∼ Q is Q-linear equivalence. Clearly, q F (X) divides q Q (X), and the two coincide unless K X + qA ∈ Cl X is a nontrivial torsion element. An important invariant of a Q-Fano 3-fold is its genus g(X) := dim |−K X | − 1.
Background factsKaori Suzuki [Suz04] restricts the Q-Fano index of X to one of . . . , 11, 13, 17, 19}. See also [Pro10b, Lemma 3.3]. Moreover, the following results are due to the first author.
Theorem ([Pro10b]). Let X be a Q-Fano 3-fold of Q-Fano index q := q Q (X) ≥ 9. Then Cl X ≃ Z.(i) If q = 19 then X ≃ P(3, 4, 5, 7).(ii) If q = 17 then X ≃ P(2, 3, 5, 7). (iii) If q = 13 and g(X) > 4 then X ≃ P(1, 3, 4, 5).(iv) If q = 11 and g(X) > 10 then X ≃ P(1, 2, 3, 5).(v) q = 10.
Theorem ([Pro10c]). Let X be a Q-Fano 3-fold of Q-Fano index q.(vi) If q = 9 and g(X) > 4 then X ≃ X 6 ⊂ P(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).Y.P. acknowledges partial support from RFBR