The deleterious effects of physical inactivity on elements of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in Central Africans at high cardiovascular risk

Longo-Mbenza, Benjamin; Mvindu, Huguette Nkongo; On'kin, J.B. Kasiam Lasi; Bikuku, Nkakudulu; Phanzu, Bernard Kianu; Okwe, A. Nge; Kabangu, N. Kangola

doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2010.05.001

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, it is comparable with another South African report from KwaZulu-Natal Province (83%) reported by Igbojiaku et al . 31 Poor glycaemic control has been documented in different parts of Africa: Congo DRC 32 (68%), Nigeria 10 (62%), Uganda 11 (79.2%) and Botswana 12 (82%). There seems to be a trend of poor glycaemic control among the indigenous Africans irrespective of their location, which portends danger for their health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional study of patients with type 2 diabetes in OR Tambo district, South Africa

et al. 2016

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ObjectivesSouth Africa has pledged to the sustainable development goal of promoting good health and well-being to all residents. While this is laudable, paucity of reliable epidemiological data for different regions on diabetes and treatment outcomes may further widen the inequalities of access and quality of healthcare services across the country. This study examines the sociodemographic and clinical determinants of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in individuals attending primary healthcare in OR Tambo district, South Africa.DesignA cross-sectional analytical study.SettingPrimary healthcare setting in OR Tambo district, South Africa.ParticipantsPatients treated for T2DM for 1 or more years (n=327).Primary outcome measurePrevalence of uncontrolled T2DM.Secondary outcome measureDeterminants of uncontrolled T2DM (glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥7%).ResultsOut of the 327 participants, 274 had HbA1c≥7% (83.8%). Female sex (95% CI 1.3 to 4.2), overweight/obesity (95% CI 1.9 to 261.2), elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (95% CI 4.4 to 23.8), sedentary habits (95% CI 7.2 to 61.3), lower monthly income (95% CI 1.3 to 6.5), longer duration of T2DM (95% CI 4.4 to 294.2) and diabetes information from non-health workers (95% CI 1.4 to 7.0) were the significant determinants of uncontrolled T2DM. There was a significant positive correlation of uncontrolled T2DM with increasing duration of T2DM, estimated glomerular filtration rate and body mass index. However, a significant negative correlation exists between monthly income and increasing HbA1c.ConclusionsWe found a significantly high prevalence (83.8%) of uncontrolled T2DM among the patients, possibly attributable to overweight/obesity, sedentary living, lower income and lack of information on diabetes. Addressing these determinants will require re-engineering of primary healthcare in the district.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional study of patients with type 2 diabetes in OR Tambo district, South Africa

et al. 2016

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“…Diastolic HTN was defined as diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, irrespective of systolic pressure [55]. Homeostatic model assessment index for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated by dividing the product of insulin (microunits per milliliter) and glucose (millimoles per liter) by 22.5 [55] and the IR was defined by the values of HOMA-IR score ≥ 2.5 [56]. Creatinine clearance (CrCl) was calculated according to Cockroft-Gault equation [57].…”

Section: Operational Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Are the Determinants of Insulin Resistance (IR) and How Effective Is the Sub-Saharan Africa-Specific Threshold of Abdominal Obesity (AO-SSA) Identifying IR in Congolese Black Hypertensive Patients?

Phanzu¹,

Longo-Mbenza²,

Lasion’kin³

et al. 2014

WJCD

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Background: Hypertensive patients with insulin resistance (IR) are at greater risk of cardiovascular disease and may represent a particular subset of hypertension (HTN) requiring special medical attention. Quantitative measurements of the IR are not suitable for routine clinical practice. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) or simply abdominal obesity (AO) is surrogate of IR. The performance of the recently proposed Sub-Saharan Africa cutoff point of abdominal obesity for identifying IR in hypertensive patients has never been evaluated. Aims: The main objective was to compare the performance of the newly proposed Sub-Saharan Africa specific threshold of abdominal obesity (AO-SSA) to that of IDF (AO-IDF) in identifying IR in Congolese Black Hypertensive Patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Heart of Africa Cardiovascular Center, Lomo Medical Clinic, Kinshasa Limete, DR Congo, between January 2007 and January 2010. Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index was calculated to determine IR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independent determinants of IR. The intrinsic (sensitivity and spe-* Corresponding author. B. Kianu Phanzu et al. 643 cificity) and extrinsic (positive predictive value and negative predictive value) characteristics of the AO-SSA, AO-IDF, AO-ATP III, MetS-SSA, MetS-IDF, and MetS-ATP III were calculated. The kappa statistic was determined for agreement between the ATPIII, IDF and SSA defined AO and MetS with HOMA-IR. Results: Men represented the majority of the enrolled patients: 105 (64.4%) and the mean age of all participants were 57 ± 11 years. Insulin resistance was found in 79.1% of the study population with 88.7, 79.3, 84.6, 71.4, 75.5, 91.1, 60.3 and 44.8 respectively among patient with MetS-ATP, MetS-IDF, MetS-SSA, AO-ATP III, AO-IDF, AO-SSA, diabetics and non-obese non-diabetic hypertensive patients. In multivariate analysis, the risk of IR was associated independently and significantly (p < 0.05) with cigarette smoking, low-HDL-C, hyperuricemia, and diastolic HTN, as shown in the following equation: Y = −1.404 + 1.054 Cigarette Smoking + 0.872 low HDL-C + 0.983 hyperuricemia + 0.852 diastolic hypertension. The AO-SSA, with 87.7% sensitivity and 67.6% specificity, was the only surrogate who showed an acceptable agreement with the HOMA-IR index. Abdominal obesity defined according to other thresholds and the metabolic syndrome whatever the used diagnostic criteria have a slight agreement with the HOMA-IR index. Conclusion: IR was found to be prevalent in our study population. Cigarette smoking, low-HDL-C, hyperuricemia, and isolated diastolic HTN magnify IR. The AO-SSA is an easy and cost efficient method to diagnose IR in Congolese Black Hypertensive Patients. Further study in wider group is indicated to validate our findings.

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“…There is no single medication that can be used to bring CMS under control due to its multifactorial risk factors. Most therapeutic strategies focus on the combination of diet modification and exercise to control the cardiometabolic risk factors [10,11] and these however may not be sustained for a longer period. Recently, there has been focus on the use of medicinal plants as an alternative approach for the treatment of debilitating metabolic conditions and one of these plants is Ganoderma lucidum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ameliorating Effect of Ganoderma lucidum on Combined Oral Contraceptive-induced Cardiometabolic Syndrome in Female Guinea Pigs

Adediji

Adesola

Chris

et al. 2019

AIR

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Aim: This study evaluated the effect of Ganoderma lucidum on selected biochemical indices for cardiometabolic risk. Study Design: Case-control study. Place and duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University between December, 2018-May, 2019. Methods: The study included 32 female guinea pigs which were assigned into 4 groups (A-D) with 8 in each group. Group A animals served as control, group B animals received only monophasic combined oral contraceptives (COC), group C animals received monophasic COC and 50mg/kg of G. lucidum, group D animals received monophasic COC and 100 mg/kg of G. lucidum. All the test animals received their treatment once daily through oral gavage for 12 weeks. All animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last dose was given to the test groups. Blood sample was collected via cardiac puncture. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase-A2 (Lp-PLA2), high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP), insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined using spectrophotometric methods and ELISA as appropriate. HOMA-IR was calculated using homeostasis model assessment index. Data obtained were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, post hoc, all values were expressed as mean±standard deviation. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: We observed that groups B (25%) and C (25%) animals had significantly higher levels of hsCRP, LpPLA2, TC, TG, LDL, FBG, IGF-1 and HOMA-IR when compared with groups A (25%) and D animals (25%) (p<0.05), however there was no significant statistical difference when groups B and C were compared. Also we observed higher levels of HDL in groups C and D animals when compared with groups A and B animals but not significant statistically. Conclusion: The use of G. lucidum stymies the development of COC-induced cardiometabolic syndrome in a dose-dependent manner.

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The deleterious effects of physical inactivity on elements of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in Central Africans at high cardiovascular risk

Cited by 14 publications

References 29 publications

Cross-sectional study of patients with type 2 diabetes in OR Tambo district, South Africa

Cross-sectional study of patients with type 2 diabetes in OR Tambo district, South Africa

What Are the Determinants of Insulin Resistance (IR) and How Effective Is the Sub-Saharan Africa-Specific Threshold of Abdominal Obesity (AO-SSA) Identifying IR in Congolese Black Hypertensive Patients?

Ameliorating Effect of Ganoderma lucidum on Combined Oral Contraceptive-induced Cardiometabolic Syndrome in Female Guinea Pigs

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