“…They consider "future stream of income" and save/earn (over his normal income) to afford them. The influence of income is noted in the models developed by Grieves (1983), Mishkin (1976), andde Ruiter andSmant (1999). The other variables that have been used in durables estimation include price or inflation (Alessie, Devereux, & Weber, 1997;Clarida, 1996;Madsen, 2001;Steffens, 2001), credit conditions referring to consumer borrowing (Alessie et al, 1997;Grieves, 1983), consumer debt (de Ruiter & Smant, 1999), business cycles (Nadenichek, 1999), real interest rate (Alessie et al, 1997;Clarida, 1996;Mishkin, 1976), unemployment rate (a risk factor), utility (Fine & Simister, 1995), and product characteristics and promotions efforts (Bayus, Hong, & Labe, 1989).…”