The Dense Plasma Focus Opportunities in Detection of Hidden Objects by Using Nanosecond Impulse Neutron Inspection System (NINIS)

Gribkov, V.A.; Dubrovsky, A. V.; Karpinski, L.; Miklaszewski, R.; Paduch, M.; Scholz, M.; Strzyżewski, P.; Tomaszewski, K.

doi:10.1063/1.2405977

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…To minimize the measurement uncertainty for the yields, the entire highefficiency counting chamber systems were calibrated at Sandia National Laboratories' Ion Beam Laboratory. The total measurement uncertainty for the source calibration and cross-calibration method is 6% for 141 Pr and 9% for 9 Be.…”

Section: Dpf Experimental Setup and Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4][5][6][7] With stored energies ranging from tens of joules to MJ, 6,8 the DPF is being explored for a wide range of applications from activation analysis and plasma nanotechnology to radiography and material detection. [9][10][11][12][13] The DPF device derives from a coaxial plasma gun that is filled with a low-pressure deuterium and tritium gas mixture to generate significant fusion reactions as the plasma compresses. Development of the DPF has traditionally focused on maximizing the total fusion neutron yield, [14][15][16] with more recent designs intended to increase portability and pulse repetition rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of the dense plasma focus for short-pulse applications

et al. 2017

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The dense plasma focus (DPF) has long been considered a compact source for pulsed neutrons and has traditionally been optimized for the total neutron yield. In this paper, we describe the efforts to optimize the DPF for short-pulse applications by introducing a reentrant cathode at the end of the coaxial plasma gun. The resulting neutron pulse widths are reduced by an average of 21±9% from the traditional long-drift DPF design. Pulse widths and yields achieved from deuterium-tritium fusion at 2 MA are 61.8±30.7 ns FWHM and 1.84±0.49×1012 neutrons per shot. Simulations were conducted concurrently to elucidate the DPF operation and confirm the role of the reentrant cathode. A hybrid fluid-kinetic particle-in-cell modeling capability demonstrates correct sheath velocities, plasma instabilities, and fusion yield rates. Consistent with previous findings that the DPF is dominated by beam-target fusion from superthermal ions, we estimate that the thermonuclear contribution is at the 1% level.

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Section: Dpf Experimental Setup and Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the dense plasma focus for short-pulse applications

et al. 2017

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“…Order of magnitude enhancement in neutron emission with deuterium-krypton admixture operation in miniature plasma focus device Rishi Verma, 1,a͒ P. Lee, 1 S. Lee, 1 S. V. Springham, 1 T. L. Tan, 1 R. S. Rawat, 1 The effect of varied concentrations of deuterium-krypton ͑D 2 -Kr͒ admixture on the neutron emission of a fast miniature plasma focus device was investigated. It was found that a judicious concentration of Kr in D 2 can significantly enhance the neutron yield.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…͓DOI: 10.1063/1.2979683͔ Plasma focus devices are among the least expensive and simplest available pulsed neutron generators that suit a number of potential applications. [1][2][3][4][5] Several attempts have been made to enhance the neutron yield from plasma focus by optimizing various parameters. [6][7][8][9][10] Recently, research and development of fast repetitive miniature plasma focus devices 11,12 with a few hundred joules of stored energy is gaining momentum because of their suitability for various field applications.…”

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confidence: 99%

Order of magnitude enhancement in neutron emission with deuterium-krypton admixture operation in miniature plasma focus device

Verma

Lee

et al. 2008

Applied Physics Letters

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The effect of varied concentrations of deuterium-krypton (D2–Kr) admixture on the neutron emission of a fast miniature plasma focus device was investigated. It was found that a judicious concentration of Kr in D2 can significantly enhance the neutron yield. The maximum average neutron yield of (1±0.27)×104 n/shot for pure D2 filling at 3 mbars was enhanced to (3.14±0.4)×105 n/shot with D2+2% Kr admixture operation, which represents a >30-fold increase. More than an order of magnitude enhancement in the average neutron yield was observed over the broader operating range of 1–4 mbars for D2+2% Kr and D2+5% Kr admixtures.

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“…A new approach to the detection of explosives and other illicit materials was proposed in [1,2]. Taking advantage of the capabilities of modern neutron generators (based on the Plasma-Focus principle) that are capable to produce flashes of very intense (up to 10 9 of 2.45 MeV neutrons from DD and up to 10 11 of 14 MeV neutrons per shot from DT reaction) and very short neutron pulses (< 10 ns), it is possible to determine elemental content of unknown bulk samples from information existing in a field of scattered neutrons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of explosives and other illicit materials by a single nanosecond neutron pulses — Monte Carlo simulation of the detection process

et al. 2012

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A single-shot nanosecond neutron pulsed technique for the detection of fissile materials V Gribkov, R A Miklaszewski, M Chernyshova et al.-A dense plasma focus-based neutron source for a single-shot detection of illicit materials and explosives by a nanosecond neutron pulse V A Gribkov, S V Latyshev, R A Miklaszewski et al. JINST 7 C07006ABSTRACT: Recent progress in the development of a Nanosecond Impulse Neutron Investigation System (NINIS) intended for interrogation of hidden objects (explosives and other illicit materials) by means of measuring elastically and non-elastically scattered neutrons is presented. The method uses very bright neutron pulses having durations of the order of few nanoseconds, generated by a dense plasma focus (DPF) devices filled with pure deuterium or a deuterium-tritium mixture as a working gas. A very short duration of the neutron pulse, as well as its high brightness and monochromaticity allows using time-of-flight methods with bases of about few meters to distinguish signals from neutrons scattered by different elements.Results of the Monte Carlo simulations of the scattered neutron field from several compounds (explosives and everyday use materials) are presented. The MCNP5 code has been used to get information on the angular and energy distributions of neutrons scattered by the above mentioned compounds assuming the initial neutron energies to be equal to 2.45 MeV (DD) and 14 MeV (DT). A new input has been elaborated that allows modeling not only a spectrum of the neutrons scattered at different angles but also their time history from the moment of generation up to the detection. Such an approach allows getting approximate signals registered by hypothetic scintillator + photomultipler probes placed at various distances from the scattering object, demonstrating principal capability of the method to identify an elemental content of the inspected objects. The extensive computations reveled also several limitations of the proposed method, namely: low number of neutrons reaching detector system, distortions and interferences of scattered neutron signals etc.Further more, preliminary results of the MCNP modeling of the hidden fissile materials detection process are presented.

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The Dense Plasma Focus Opportunities in Detection of Hidden Objects by Using Nanosecond Impulse Neutron Inspection System (NINIS)

Cited by 12 publications

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Development of the dense plasma focus for short-pulse applications

Development of the dense plasma focus for short-pulse applications

Order of magnitude enhancement in neutron emission with deuterium-krypton admixture operation in miniature plasma focus device

Detection of explosives and other illicit materials by a single nanosecond neutron pulses — Monte Carlo simulation of the detection process

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