“…However, numerous recent studies have reported that PNAd and/or CCL21 are expressed in a variety of human tumors, including melanoma, breast, lung, ovarian, colorectal and testicular cancers (Cipponi et al, 2012; Coppola et al, 2011; de Chaisemartin et al, 2011; Martinet et al, 2012, 2011; Messina et al, 2012; Sakai et al, 2014). Several of these studies also showed that PNAd + HEV-like vasculature is associated with a positive prognosis (Avram et al, 2013; Martinet et al, 2012, 2011). These results suggest that inducing the development of HEV-like vasculature presents an alternative therapeutic path for enhancing intratumoral T-cell representation by enabling naïve T-cell entry into tumors, where they may become anti-tumor effectors.…”