The Dental fluorosis on Santana karst region, Bahia State, Brazil

Abstract

This paper presents the research results obtained by studying the natural fluoride contamination of underground water and dental fluorosis observed in the universe of the population of the municipality of Santana, Bahia, Brazil. The levels of fluoride chlorides, sulfates, nitrates and nitrites were obtained by systematic sampling from underground wells and water complemented through the Brazilian System Water data (SIAGAS). Confirmation of endemic condition was assessed in a population of 159 adolescents, aged 12 years. The universe of the population was estimated at 118 adolescents using simple random sampling technique without replacement (AASS), with ratio estimator (prevalence) in the amount of 0, 815, confidence level of 90% and margin of error 5%. The teenagers were interviewed based on a structured questionnaire and the prevalence and severity of fluorosis were obtained through the Dean index (Dean, 1934). The clinical examination and the questionnaire were carried out in schools, elementary school, the communities in the municipality of Santana-BA, performed by a trained dental surgeon with k = 0.85 (kappa). It found the prevalence to the municipality of 53% and the severity for moderate / severe degree of 17.7%, plus a strong association between the occurrence of dental fluorosis and the places where fluoride levels are. The fluoride content in almost every area were above the established (1.5 F mg/L) by Ordinance 2914/11 of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The localities that showed the highest risk dental prevalence were Barreiro Fundo, Jacaré, Sossego, Pedra Preta, Caracol, Tapera e Várzea do Mourão.

Fluoride Levels in the Groundwater and Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis in the Municipality of Santana, in Region Karstic of West Bahia, Brazil

“…The several degrees of fluorosis can be related to whitish, yellow, and brownish spots (severe) [4]. Severe fluorosis often produces painful hypersensitivity to the teeth and esthetic disharmony, compromising the individual's quality of life [26], [66][67]. Figure 9 showed a correlation between the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in schoolchildren at 12 years of age examined and the consumption of groundwater with toxic levels of fluoride from the Bambuí Aquifer, in the municipality of Santana.…”

“…In the municipality of Santana, in the karst province of western Bahia (Figure 1), the prevalence of dental fluorosis could relate to the consumption of groundwater with toxic levels of fluoride, which complemented the public supply [26]. This research aimed to investigate the relationship between the consumption of water of Bambuí Aquifer with natural fluoride levels and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in the municipality of Santana, Bahia, Brazil.…”

Estação Ecológica Mata dos Ausentes (EEMA), Senador Modestino Gonçalves/Minas Gerais, e seus desafios: análise da vazão e qualidade dos corpos d'água na região do seu entorno

“…Segundo Cangussu et al (2002), as proporções de fluorose dentária nas formas moderada e severa são muito menores nas áreas não endêmica, ainda que apresentem alta prevalência de fluorose, do que quando comparado com as áreas não endêmica, devido ao consumo de águas com altos níveis naturais de flúor. Velásquez et al (2006) e Cruz et al (2015) encontraram prevalências de fluorose dentária no norte de Minas Gerais e Bahia associada a ingestão da água do Aquífero Bambuí em desacordo com os dados do levantamento nacional de saúde bucal, Projeto SB Brasil 2010. Este encontrou uma prevalência de fluorose dentária nacional de 1,5% e severidade de 17% na forma moderada ou severa (Brasil, 2010).…”

“…Este limite de potabilidade deve ser ajustado de acordo com a temperatura média do ar local (Mendes & Oliveira, 2004). As mudanças na constituição do esmalte, que causam manchas ou perda de sua estrutura, como a fluorose dentária, causam problemas estéticos, funcionais e psicológicos (Rigo et al, 2010;Cruz et al, 2015;Raju, 2017). Velásquez et al (2006); Coutinho (2014) realizaram estudo epidemiológico da prevalência da fluorose dentária, aos 12 anos de idade, em São Francisco, norte de Minas Gerais, e Santana, oeste da Bahia, cujo limite de potabilidade local foi de 0,8 mg.L -1 .…”

“…A rede de poços perfurados nas litofácies carbonáticas do Grupo Bambuí complementa o abastecimento público nos municípios Feira da Mata e Santana, situados no oeste da Bahia (Figura 1). Cruz et al (2015) caracterizaram o município de Santana como área endêmica de fluorose dentária. Neste contexto, emerge a relevância cientifico-social e epidemiológica dessa pesquisa, devido à similaridade entre a geologia e clima dos municípios de Feira da Mata e Santana.…”