The Deoptimization of Rabies Virus Matrix Protein Impacts Viral Transcription and Replication

Luo, Jun; Zhang, Yue; Zhang, Qiong; Wu, Yuting; Zhang, Boyue; Mo, Meijun; Qin, Tian; Zhao, Jing; Mei, Mantong; Guo, Xingchen

doi:10.3390/v12010004

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…CVS-11 and HEP-Flury strains were propagated in NA cells. Viral titrations were performed by direct fluorescent antibody (dFA) assay as previously described ( Luo et al, 2020 ). In brief, NA cells grown in 96-well cell culture plates were inoculated with 10-fold serial dilutions of the indicated virus in RPMI 1640 medium and incubated at 37°C for 2 days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies Virus-Induced Autophagy Is Dependent on Viral Load in BV2 Cells

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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An increasing number of studies are showing that autophagy plays a vital role in viral replication and escape. Rabies virus (RABV), a typical neurotropic virus, has been proven to induce autophagy in neurons. However, there are no reports indicating that RABV can cause autophagy in other cells of the central nervous system. Thus, we aimed to explore the relationship between autophagy and RABV infection in BV2 cells in this study. Results of viral growth curves showed that the titers of microglial BV2 cells infected with RABV peaked at 12 hours post-infection (hpi) and then decreased continuously over time. However, it was found that the viral genome RNA and structural proteins can express normally in BV2 cells. In addition, Western blotting indicated that RABV infection increased LC3-II and p62 expression in BV2 cells. LC3 punctate increased with RABV infection in BV2 cells after the transfection of fluorescent protein-tagged LC3 plasmids. Moreover, autophagy cargo protein further accumulated with RABV infection in Bafilomycin A1-treated cells. Subsequently, RABV infection inhibited the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes by using a tandem fluorescent marker. Furthermore, a higher multiplicity of infection induced stronger autophagy. Thus, RABV can induce autophagy in BV2 cells, and the autophagy is positively associated with the viral load.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies Virus-Induced Autophagy Is Dependent on Viral Load in BV2 Cells

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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“…The rescued recombinant RABV expressing IL-25 was named rHEP-IL25. The rescued virus was confirmed in NA cells by a direct fluorescent antibody assay (dFA) with FITC-labelled anti-RABV N antibodies, as described previously [ 15 ]. The IL-25 and RABV M expression was confirmed by western blotting as described previously [ 16 ] using mouse anti-IL-25 and anti-RABV M antibodies.…”

Section: Construction Of Recombinant Full-length Cdna Clones and Resc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin-25 enhances humoral immune responses caused by the rabies virus

Zhang

Liao

et al. 2022

Virulence

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Rabies is an important zoonotic disease caused by the rabies virus (RABV). Currently, no effective treatment is available for this condition. The prevention and control of rabies mainly depend on effective vaccination. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance the immune responses induced by the rabies vaccine. Virus neutralizing antibodies (VNA) induced by rabies vaccines are important for the clearance of RABV. Interleukin-25 (IL-25) has been demonstrated to activate T helper type 2 cells that contribute to humoral immune responses. The IL-25 gene was inserted into the genome of RABV, and the immunogenicity of recombinant RABV with IL-25 gene was investigated to develop more efficient rabies vaccines. Here, we found that the expression of IL-25 did not affect RABV production in vitro and pathogenicity in vivo . However, recombinant RABV expression of IL-25 induced a better VNA level than the parental virus in mice. In addition, expression of IL-25 enhanced the IgG1 level induced by RABV. Furthermore, mice immunized with recombinant RABV showed a higher survival rate and milder clinical signs than those immunized with the parent strain after challenge with CVS-11. Thus, these results showed that IL-25 could enhance the humoral immune responses induced by RABV, suggesting that IL-25 can be used as a viral vaccine adjuvant.

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“…This restricts the evolution of the genome by making it difficult to alter certain aspects of a protein without completely eliminating its function. Of course, there is the potential to drive viral evolution in direction beneficial to the virus [ 88 , 89 ]. As an emerging field, synthetic biology, especially as it relates to viruses, is still in its infancy despite the wealth of knowledge it has already yielded about genomic manipulations and synthetic viruses.…”

Section: Synthetic Biology: Two Steps Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus Eradication and Synthetic Biology: Changes with SARS-CoV-2?

Tournier

Kononchik²

2021

Viruses

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The eradication of infectious diseases has been achieved only once in history, in 1980, with smallpox. Since 1988, significant effort has been made to eliminate poliomyelitis viruses, but eradication is still just out of reach. As the goal of viral disease eradication approaches, the ability to recreate historically eradicated viruses using synthetic biology has the potential to jeopardize the long-term sustainability of eradication. However, the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 pandemic has highlighted our ability to swiftly and resolutely respond to a potential outbreak. This virus has been synthetized faster than any other in the past and is resulting in vaccines before most attenuated candidates reach clinical trials. Here, synthetic biology has the opportunity to demonstrate its truest potential to the public and solidify a footing in the world of vaccines.

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The Deoptimization of Rabies Virus Matrix Protein Impacts Viral Transcription and Replication

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Rabies Virus-Induced Autophagy Is Dependent on Viral Load in BV2 Cells

Rabies Virus-Induced Autophagy Is Dependent on Viral Load in BV2 Cells

Interleukin-25 enhances humoral immune responses caused by the rabies virus

Virus Eradication and Synthetic Biology: Changes with SARS-CoV-2?

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