The Dependence of Some Strains of Mycobacterium Avium On Mycobactin For Initial And Subsequent Growth

Matthews, P. R. J.; McDiarmid, A.; Collins, P.; Brown, Anne

doi:10.1099/00222615-11-1-53

Cited by 39 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…This suggests that inherent strain differences exist for mycobactin J dependence for growth rather than mycobactin J carryover from media during transfer. Early work by Matthews et al 41 previously demonstrated varying degrees of mycobactin J dependence among strains of M. avium subsp. avium and MAP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, Congo Red Agar Colony Morphotypes and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

Parrish¹,

Ko²,

Dick³

et al. 2004

Clinical Medicine & Research

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OBJECTIVEMycobacterium avium subspecies (subsp.) paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne's disease in ruminants and has been associated with Crohn's disease in humans. We sought to test growth rates and susceptibilities of various strains of MAP in two available growth media. METHODSUsing the BACTEC macrobroth radiometric growth system and Congo Red-staining agar media, we determined inherent differences in growth characteristics of three bovine and two human strains of MAP and compared susceptibility results obtained in each growth system. RESULTSSignificant differences were observed in growth rate as well as mycobactin J dependence between strains and between a laboratory-adapted isolate of the same strain in the macrobroth system. Similarly, colonial morphology and Congo Red staining on agar media were observed. Two strains, one human and one bovine, demonstrated a 100% rough transparent colony with white coloration on Congo Red agar, while one bovine isolate exclusively grew as a smooth opaque colony with red coloration on Congo Red agar. The remaining strains exhibited mixtures of these two colonial morphotypes on agar media. Comparative susceptibility results between the BACTEC radiometric macrobroth method and the agar proportionality method showed good correlation for most antibiotics/inhibitors tested. However, erratic or poor growth in the macrobroth system prevented minimal inhibitory concentration determinations for two bovine strains by this method. CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates the variability in the colonial morphology of MAP on Congo Red agar as well as the correlation of antibiotic susceptibility results between the BACTEC macro broth method and the agar proportionality method. This study also emphasizes the need for the development of improved, standardized culture and susceptibility test methods for MAP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, Congo Red Agar Colony Morphotypes and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

Parrish¹,

Ko²,

Dick³

et al. 2004

Clinical Medicine & Research

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“…Cultures were obtained for the first time when medium for "M. paratuberculosis" was used for cultivation and were observed for 5 months (249). Subsequently, the organisms were recognized by their mycobactin dependency upon primary isolation, gradually losing this phenotype upon subculture (165). Conflicting experimental data in attempting to classify the organisms led to the performance of DNA-DNA homology studies, ultimately revealing that they belonged to the same species as M. avium and M. avium subsp.…”

Section: Classical Definition Of Mac Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium avium in the Postgenomic Era

2007

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SUMMARY The past several years have witnessed an upsurge of genomic data pertaining to the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Despite clear advances, problems with the detection of MAC persist, spanning the tests that can be used, samples required for their validation, and the use of appropriate nomenclature. Additionally, the amount of genomic variability documented to date greatly outstrips the functional understanding of epidemiologically different subsets of the organism. In this review, we discuss how postgenomic insights into the MAC have helped to clarify the relationships between MAC organisms, highlighting the distinction between environmental and pathogenic subsets of M. avium. We discuss the availability of various genetic targets for accurate classification of organisms and how these results provide a framework for future studies of MAC variability. The results of postgenomic M. avium study provide optimism that a functional understanding of these organisms will soon emerge, with genomically defined subsets that are epidemiologically distinct and possess different survival mechanisms for their various niches. Although the status quo has largely been to study different M. avium subsets in isolation, it is expected that attention to the similarities and differences between M. avium organisms will provide greater insight into their fundamental differences, including their propensity to cause disease.

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“…paratuberculosis from Mycobacterium avium. When these criteria are used, the wood pigeon bacillus (22,33) resembles M . paratuberculosis rather than M .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…avium, as do some other M . avium isolates cultured from swine lymph nodes and lesions in birds (8,22,26,33).Antibiotic susceptibility patterns have been used in attempts to distinguish M . paratuberculosis from M .…”

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Deoxyribonucleic Acid Relatedness of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis to Other Members of the Family Mycobacteriaceae

Hurley

Splitter

Welch

1988

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA hybridization was used to determine the relationships of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium to 24 mycobacterial strains representing seven species. Our results indicate that M . paratuberculosis should be considered a member of the same genomic species as M. avium and the wood pigeon bacillus. Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, which has been considered a member of the M . avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare-M. scrofulaceum complex on the basis of phenotypic characteristics, shows little DNA similarity to M . avium, M. intracellulare, or M. paratuberculosis.Classification of the slow-growing mycobacteria on the basis of phenotypic characteristics has been a complicated and uncertain process. There is relatively little variability among strains thought to typify separate species, and there is significant variation in the phenotypic characteristics of isolates which appear to belong to the same species (26,(33)(34)(35). This is particularly true of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Phenotypic variation within the species precludes identification of a clear pattern of biochemical responses in an Adansonian system. The characteristics exhibited by fresh isolates may change with storage or repeated passage (9, 26). Mycobactin dependency, hydrolysis of Tween 80, and catalase activity at pH 5 after heating are the characteristics which have been used to distinguish M . paratuberculosis from Mycobacterium avium. When these criteria are used, the wood pigeon bacillus (22, 33) resembles M . paratuberculosis rather than M . avium, as do some other M . avium isolates cultured from swine lymph nodes and lesions in birds (8,22,26,33).Antibiotic susceptibility patterns have been used in attempts to distinguish M . paratuberculosis from M . avium. M . paratuberculosis is often susceptible to streptomycin and rifampin, as well as to neotetrazolium chloride, whereas M . avium is usually resistant to all three antibiotics. These responses are also variable (9,34).Mycobacterium scrofulaceum has often been included as a member of the M . avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare-M. scrofulaceum (MAIS) complex on the basis of phenotypic characteristics (35), although the relationship of M. scrofulaceum to M . paratuberculosis has not been examined by other investigators.There is a need for better methods of defining the relationship of M . paratuberculosis to other mycobacterial species. Although numerous investigations on mycobacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA hybridization have been reported (3)(4)(5)7, 10, 13,16,17) MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains. The 24 mycobacterial strains used in this study are listed in Table 1. The cells were grown in Middlebrook 7H9 medium supplemented with Dubos oleic-albumin complex (100 ml/liter) and 0.05% Tween 80 and were cultivated by standard methods (9). The M . paratuberculosis cultures were further supplemented with 2 mg of mycobactin J (Allied Laboratories, Inc., Ames, Iowa) per liter. Cells were pelleted by centrifugation at 6,000 x g for 15 min...

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The Dependence of Some Strains of Mycobacterium Avium On Mycobactin For Initial And Subsequent Growth

Cited by 39 publications

References 2 publications

Growth, Congo Red Agar Colony Morphotypes and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

Growth, Congo Red Agar Colony Morphotypes and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

Mycobacterium avium in the Postgenomic Era

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Relatedness of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis to Other Members of the Family Mycobacteriaceae

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