The dependence of the surface diffusion coefficients of gold atoms on the potential: its influence on reconstruction of metal lattices

A facile one-pot route to fabricate nanoporous copper with controlled hierarchical pore size distributions through chemical dealloying of Al–Cu alloy in an alkaline solution

“…Obviously, as far as given alkali solution and Al-based alloys are concerned, solution concentration becomes a primary important factor to affect surface diffusivity of MN adatoms owing to the formation of MN-hydroxy species, the interaction of MN adatoms and OH -, and the low solubility of AlO 2 À [28]. It might markedly modify the enthalpy and entropy of formation of surface moving entities and adsorbed bonds between neighboring sites due to electron transfer reactions [29][30].…”

Dealloying solution dependence of fabrication, microstructure and porosity of hierarchical structured nanoporous copper ribbons

“…It has been found that during the dealloying of Al-based alloys in alkali solution, surface diffusivity of the MN atoms is much slower than that in acid media due to the formation of MN-hydroxy species, the interaction of MN atoms and OH À , and the low solubility of AlO 2 À [29][30][31][32]. On the other hand, the adsorption of chloride ion (Cl À ) in acidic solution can greatly enhance the surface diffusion of MN atoms along alloy/solution interfaces during dealloying due to modification of adsorbed bonds between neighboring sites via electron transfer reactions [10,18,33,34]. These will also be further discussed based on calculation on the surface diffusivity in the following section.…”

Migration of point defects at charged Cu, Ag, and Au (100) surfaces

“…These energies play also an important role in the structuring of charged solid-electrolyte interfaces, including processes like electrochemical annealing, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] and in equilibrium fluctuations of monoatomic steps. [8][9][10] Since the initial and final states of surface transport processes are both on the surface, the driving force of these processes is given by the temperature of the system and is not directly affected by the electrode potential.…”

“…Since in typical electrochemical systems the electrostatic dipole energy is of the same order of magnitude as the formation and activation energies of the point defects, this potential dependence is experimentally readily observable. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Therefore, in order to properly describe the mass transport along charged solid-electrolyte interfaces we not only need information about formation and activation energies of the surface defects leading to surface mass transport, but also a detailed knowledge of their electrical properties. In this paper we present ab initio results for the formation and activation energies for migration, as well as for the electrical dipole moments of adatoms and vacancies at the Cu, Ag and Au ͑100͒ surfaces, and we discuss the role played by the electrostatic dipole energy in the mass transport by point defects at charged metal-electrolyte interfaces as a function of the applied potential.…”