The deployment of mobile diagnostic laboratories for Ebola virus disease diagnostics in Sierra Leone and Guinea

Abstract

Background: Ebola virus emerged in West Africa in December 2013. The ease of mobility, porous borders, and lack of public health infrastructure led to the largest Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak to date.Intervention: The 2013 EVD outbreak signalled the need for laboratory diagnostic capabilities in areas without strong public health systems. As part of the United States’ Department of Defense response, MRIGlobal was contracted to design, fabricate, equip, deploy, and operate two mobile diagnostic laboratories (MDLs). The first laboratory analysed blood samples from patients in an adjacent Ebola Treatment Centre (ETC) and buccal swabs from the deceased in the community in Moyamba, Sierra Leone. The second laboratory was deployed to support an ETC in Conakry, Guinea. The Department of Defense provided real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays that were deployed and validated on-site.Lessons Learnt: Prompt and accurate molecular diagnostics reduced sample turn-around times from over 24 h to under 4 h. Experienced laboratory staff tested up to 110 samples per day and on-site engineering proved necessary for MDL setup and operation. As the Ebola response slowed, the sustainment of the MDLs’ operations was prioritised, including staff training and the transition of the MDLs to local governments. Training programmes for local staff were prepared in Sierra Leone and Guinea.Recommendations: The MRIGlobal MDL team significantly contributed to establishing increased laboratory capacity during the EVD outbreak in West Africa. Using the MDLs for molecular diagnosis is highly recommended until more sustainable solutions can be provided.

Diagnostics of Ebola virus

“…In the first area (High Risk area) the samples are inactivated, another area is present for reagent preparation and RT-PCR execution, which is considered a Low Risk area, and a third area is used as office space, with locker rooms and a shower room. To ensure the proper disposal of biohazard waste, there is a medical incinerator capable of temperatures above 100 • C. The main advantages of a mobile laboratory are: centralization of diagnostics, rapid result delivery, while the main disadvantages regard the fact it is difficult to obtain a negative pressure environment (29). preapproved courier service.…”

Ebola-Detect: A differential serodiagnostic assay for Ebola virus infections and surveillance in the presence of vaccine-induced antibodies

“… 4 While PCR-based detection tests have routinely been used during the EBOV epidemics, 5 however, they require significant infrastructure and with operational and technical expertise, thus complicating deployment in resource-limited settings. 3 , 6 , 7 A simple ELISA or another serodiagnostic assays for the detection of EBOV-infection induced antibodies offers many advantages, as they are rapid and can be performed with limited resources. In addition, such assays can be made compatible with inactivation methods like gamma-irradiation, detergent-treatment or solvent-extraction that are used to inactivate infectious components in samples prior to handling and thus minimizing impact on measurable levels of anti-EBOV antibodies.…”