The deposition and analysis of pyrotechnic devices deposited by magnetron sputtering

Kelly, Peter; Tinston, S.F.; Arnell, R.D.

doi:10.1016/0257-8972(93)90160-p

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, mixed powder systems are typically porous, which creates additional complexity in the heat and chemical transfer mechanisms necessary to propagate a reaction unless samples are pressed to a high density [5,6]. More recently, high-purity, reactive multilayer films, produced by vapor deposition methods, have undergone extensive study [7][8][9][10][11][12], though few have been directly focused on the Ti/2B system [11,12]. These materials are formed by atomically depositing alternating, thin layers of the reactants to build μm-scale foils with nanometric periodicity [7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, high-purity, reactive multilayer films, produced by vapor deposition methods, have undergone extensive study [7][8][9][10][11][12], though few have been directly focused on the Ti/2B system [11,12]. These materials are formed by atomically depositing alternating, thin layers of the reactants to build μm-scale foils with nanometric periodicity [7][8][9][10][11][12]. This geometry provides several advantages over mixed powders for the researcher.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Gaseous Environment on Reaction Behavior and Phase Formation in Ti/2B Reactive Multilayer Foils

et al. 2012

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The effects of surrounding gaseous environment on the reaction behaviors and product formation for sputter-deposited Ti/2B reactive multilayers are reported. With the surrounding environment set to different air pressures, from atmospheric conditions to 10 -4 Torr, Ti/2B samples were reacted in a self-propagating mode, and the average reaction wave velocities were determined through high-speed imaging. Propagation speeds for 3.0 μm-thick multilayers were in the range of 10.89 to 0.05 m/s depending on bilayer thickness (i.e., reactant layer periodicity) and ambient pressure. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that single-phase TiB 2 forms within multilayers that have small bilayer thickness. Multilayers that have a large bilayer thickness developed a mixture of TiB 2 , TiB and TiO 2 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Gaseous Environment on Reaction Behavior and Phase Formation in Ti/2B Reactive Multilayer Foils

et al. 2012

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“…This study serves to investigate the design-dependent reaction characteristics of Ti/2B reactive multilayer foils. This highly energetic reactive system has been characterized extensively as powder mixtures − or composite particles , but only basically as a reactive multilayer having nanometer periodicity. − The effects of system geometry are considered, as are the effects of the gaseous environment on the reaction dynamics. The goal of this work is to determine if higher air pressures will enhance the reaction propagation rate in the foils by increasing the exothermicity of the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condensed-Phase and Oxidation Reaction Behavior of Ti/2B Foils in Varied Gaseous Environments

et al. 2012

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The effect of gaseous environment on self-propagating reactions in Ti/2B multilayer foils was studied. Multilayers with reactant layer periodicities from 50 to 3000 nm and a nominal stoichiometry of 1:2 Ti:B were grown using magnetron sputtering. Analysis through scanning transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction revealed the as-deposited multilayers consisted of well-ordered layers of crystalline Ti and amorphous B with the amount of intermixed material negligibly affecting the exothermicity. Propagation rate testing was performed at varied vacuum pressures and studied by high-speed imaging. Propagation rates for foils with bilayer thicknesses 666 nm or thinner did not exhibit a pressure dependency, while foils with bilayer thicknesses 857 nm and larger did. The latter, thick-bilayer foils would not propagate below a characteristic pressure. After reaction, Auger electron spectroscopy revealed O penetration in the thicker bilayer designs and incomplete mixing of Ti and B, while the thinner bilayer foils were uniformly converted to single-phase, hexagonal TiB2. Increased air pressure was found to promote the propagating reaction of the thicker bilayer designs, likely due to increased heat release from oxidation that promotes intermixing and reaction between Ti and B.

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“…Analysis of the scientific literature revealed that among the PVD methods, sputtering (usually enhanced magnetically or with a microwave device) is the most frequently reported method for deposition from boron targets and/or production of a boron plasma 8,12,19–21,23–25,28–30,32–37. Vacuum arc evaporation of boron4,14–18,38,39 has become much more attractive after the reports by Richter et al14–18 on an arc evaporation method of heated boron targets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Approach to the Deposition of Elemental Boron and Boron-Based Coatings by Pulsed Magnetron Sputtering of Loosely Packed Boron Powder Targets

Audronis

Kelly

Leyland

et al. 2007

Plasma Process. Polym.

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Large numbers of potential application areas for elemental boron and boron‐based thin film materials make this subject area a focus of significant scientific and industrial interest. Applications include thermoelectric energy conversion devices, biomedical implants, metalworking tools and automotive components. Boron is however also recognised widely to be a difficult‐to‐deposit material. Therefore, a new technique to deposit boron (and other boron‐based materials) by pulsed magnetron sputtering of loosely packed powder targets has been proposed. Among the benefits of this approach are: improved stability of the deposition process, increased speed and flexibility of target preparation, enhanced time‐ and cost‐effectiveness and the ability to control readily the target and hence the chemical composition of the coating.

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The deposition and analysis of pyrotechnic devices deposited by magnetron sputtering

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Influence of Gaseous Environment on Reaction Behavior and Phase Formation in Ti/2B Reactive Multilayer Foils

Influence of Gaseous Environment on Reaction Behavior and Phase Formation in Ti/2B Reactive Multilayer Foils

Condensed-Phase and Oxidation Reaction Behavior of Ti/2B Foils in Varied Gaseous Environments

A New Approach to the Deposition of Elemental Boron and Boron-Based Coatings by Pulsed Magnetron Sputtering of Loosely Packed Boron Powder Targets

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