The deposition of atmospheric microplastics in Jakarta-Indonesia: The coastal urban area

Airborne Microplastics in Indoor and Outdoor Environments of a Developing Country in South Asia: Abundance, Distribution, Morphology, and Possible Sources

“…One possible reason for this is the lower population density in Sri Lanka (355 inhabitants/km 2 ) compared to Paris (7900 inhabitants/km 2 ) and China (3373 inhabitants/km 2 ) . It is likely that denser populations are associated with higher emission sources and higher outdoor AMP concentrations . Also, the level of industrialization in Sri Lanka is much lower compared to that in other countries.…”

“…42 It is likely that denser populations are associated with higher emission sources and higher outdoor AMP concentrations. 43 Also, the level of industrialization in Sri Lanka is much lower compared to that in other countries. Even though the levels of MPs in Sri Lanka identified in this study are comparatively lower, air quality in South Asia remains a concern.…”

Spatiotemporal characterisation of microplastics in the coastal regions of Singapore

“…Studies in other locations have reported rainfall to be a significant environmental contributor to microplastic pollution [ 60 , 61 ]. Greater rainfall has resulted in a larger surface runoff from terrestrial sources, which ultimately enter marine environments.…”

Seasonal heterogeneity and a link to precipitation in the release of microplastic during COVID-19 outbreak from the Greater Jakarta area to Jakarta Bay, Indonesia

“…During the dry season, when river discharge is reduced, microplastics are deposited in sediments and riverbanks; however, during the rainy season, when rainfall is abundant, the deposited and deposited microplastics are reactivated, leading to a high abundance of microplastic in the river ( Hurley et al, 2018 ). According to multiple studies, microplastics can also originate from land-atmosphere interactions ( Cai et al, 2017 ; Dris et al, 2016 ; Enyoh et al, 2019 ; Purwiyanto et al, 2022 ; Wright et al, 2020 ), and have a positive correlation with precipitation ( Allen et al, 2019 ; Ganguly and Ariya, 2019 ; Purwiyanto et al, 2022 ). This allows microplastics in rivers to also originate from airborne microplastics.…”