The depression coping questionnaire

Abstract

Factor analysis of the Depression Coping Questionnaire (DCQ; Kleinke, Staneski, & Mason, 1982) identified 11 coping responses: Social support, problem solving, self‐blame/escape, aggression, indulgence, activities, medication, stimulation, eating, TV, and ignoring. Multiple regression analyses indicated that the DCQ contributed significant variance in predicting Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores of men (R = 0.705) and women (R = 0.568) from three population samples. Both men's and women's BDI scores were correlated positively with age, self‐blame/escape, medication, and TV and correlated negatively with social support, problem solving, and indulgence. Four significant functions were identified in a discriminant analysis that compared nine groups made up of schizophrenic male veterans, depressed and nondepressed male and female college students, and depressed and nondepressed male and female chronic pain patients.

Sedentary Behavior and Depression Among Adults: A Review

“…Sedentary behavior was measured using various methods. For example, TV viewing was measured using time-use logs [40] and questionnaires [51,52]; computer/internet use was measured using computer software [48,53] and questionnaires [39,42]; overall sedentary behavior (i.e., sitting and lying time) was measured using a "Sedentary Index" [41], as well as by more direct measures such as accelerometers [54]. These measures are described in further detail in Tables 1 and 2.…”

“…Of the 11 studies, seven (six observational and one intervention) found a positive association between sedentary behaviors and risk of depression [39][40][41][51][52][53][54]. A total of two intervention studies found an inverse association between sedentary behavior and risk of depression (i.e., the greater time spent in sedentary behavior, the lower the odds of depressive symptoms) [48,55].…”

“…Although all observational studies were able to give sources of data and details of methods of assessment, only four of those described efforts to address potential sources of bias [39,41,52,54]. The majority of observational studies did not provide sufficient information on participants (either demographic information or reasons for nonparticipation) to achieve a perfect score in that criteria [40,41,51,52]; however, four of the seven observational studies did discuss limitations of their designs [39,41,42,54].…”

“…Dittmar et al [40] and Sidney et al [52] both used measures which assessed the hours spent watching TV, while Kleinke et al [51] included one question only determining whether the participant watches TV (yes/no). All three studies found that TV viewing was positively associated with risk of depression.…”

“…Several studies included in this review were limited by methodological weaknesses, which include small sample sizes [40] and crude/insensitive measures of sedentary behavior [51]. For example, Kleinke et al [51] included just one question determining whether the participant watches TV (yes/no).…”