The depressive price of being a sandwich-generation caregiver: can organizations and managers help?

Turgeman-Lupo, Keren; Toker, Sharon; Ben-Avi, Nili; Shenhar‐Tsarfaty, Shani

doi:10.1080/1359432x.2020.1762574

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Consistent with this observation, one-factor solutions occasionally showed an acceptable fit (e.g., Bianchi et al, 2020; Bianchi & Mirkovic, 2020; Schuler et al, 2018). Adding to the heterogeneity of findings, some investigators encountered difficulties converging on a factorial solution involving all PHQ-9 items (Turgeman-Lupo et al, 2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the PHQ-9 a unidimensional measure of depression? A 58,272-participant study.

Bianchi¹,

Verkuilen²,

Toker³

et al. 2022

Psychological Assessment

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The PHQ-9 has become a measure of reference in depression research and clinical practice. However, the issue of the PHQ-9's unidimensionality has not been fully elucidated, and the usability of the PHQ-9's total score requires clarification. In this study, we examined the dimensionality, scalability, and monotonicity properties of the PHQ-9 as well as the scale's total-score reliability. We did so based on exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) bifactor analysis and Mokken scale analysis (MSA). We relied on a total of 58,272 participants (63% female; M age = 43, SD age = 13) from 29 samples involving seven different countries (e.g., Germany, the U.S.) and five different languages (e.g., German, English). We found no concerning deviations from measurement invariance for our ESEM bifactor model, neither across samples nor across sexes, age groups, and languages. The PHQ-9 met the requirements for essential unidimensionality in the pooled sample and across sex-, age-, and language-based subsamples. In each case, the general factor was strong (e.g., factor loadings ranged from 0.725 to 0.893 in the pooled sample) and Omega Hierarchical values exceeded 0.900. The correlations between the general factor and the observed total scores were large (≥0.952). Our MSA, including multilevel MSA, revealed that the PHQ-9's scalability is satisfactory. No monotonicity violation was detected, suggesting that the scale's total score accurately orders respondents on the latent Depression variable. Total-score reliability was good. This study provides robust evidence that the PHQ-9 can be used as a unidimensional measure of depressive symptoms by researchers and practitioners. Public Significance StatementBecause depression is a widespread condition with potentially lethal consequences, assessing depressive symptoms reliably and validly is of critical importance. This study indicates, with an unprecedented level of confidence, that researchers and practitioners are justified in employing the PHQ-9 as a unidimensional measure of depressive symptoms based on the scale's total score.

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confidence: 99%

Is the PHQ-9 a unidimensional measure of depression? A 58,272-participant study.

Bianchi¹,

Verkuilen²,

Toker³

et al. 2022

Psychological Assessment

Self Cite

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“…These conflicts can emerge individually or sometimes together depending on the circumstances. For instance, Work-Family Conflict arises when the pressure and the demand of the work and family pressure and demand mandate at the same time, and Family-Work Conflict happens when the family demand and influence bump with work demand also at the same time (Pines et al, 2011;Solberg & Peterson, 2014;Turgeman et al, 2020).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In line with this, Hammer and Neal (2008) view the sandwich generation from a broader perspective, regarding a propensity of mental health issues (Solberg et al, 2014;Zucchella et al, 2012) which is due to familial consequences of taking care of children younger than 18 years along with aged parents (Tajvar et al, 2008). These responsibilities demand most of their times, finance, and efforts (Turgeman et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The "Sandwich Generation" divides their resources among the children and aged parents (Broady, 2019). Turgeman et al (2020) explain that the sandwich generation pressed between children demands and caregiving responsibility of old parents. Simultaneously, they have to face the workfamily conflict when familial responsibilities and pressure collide with work and demands (Maon et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, Malaysian's sandwich generation is fulfilling the dual responsibility in the form of children support and care of aged parents. They are reluctant to withdraw from their filial obligation to the parents even though sometimes the elderly care is becoming a challenge for them due to various old age chronic diseases, especially dementia that usually come with old age.The dementia is an acquired brain disease characterised by the progressive deterioration of cognitive functions and functional impairment, which affects the whole family's daily activities (Turgeman et al, 2020), due to sudden profound weakness, drowsiness and bed-bounding of elderly. The sandwich generation caregiver in Asian countries feels their responsibility to care the elderly family member as a measure of respect and expected duty of a son or daughter (Kling, 1995;Ahmad et al,2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Malaysian Sandwich Generation Issues and Challenges in Elderly Parents Care

Noor

Isa

2020

RIMCIS

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Ageing is a growing concern all around the world. It is the biggest challenge for developing and developed countries, including Malaysia. Malaysia is a country, where ageing care centre runs under the government, NGOs and public sector, and recently few of the religious centres and entrepreneurs are working in this regard. However, still the facilities are lacking ; therefore; all across Malaysia Sandwich Generation families are still providing support to the elderly by themselves. Hence, this paper aims to highlight the concept of Sandwich Generation under the perspective of ageing issues in Malaysia. The “Sandwich Generation” is still an unknown term for Malaysian Society. It practically focuses on the new inclinations in a familial responsibility in the form of support and care for elderly parents along with children. This paper discusses the issues and challenges confronted by the sandwich generation (who are taking care of family and supporting elderly) residing in the leading states of Malaysia. This study adopts the qualitative research strategy, and the population consists of five sandwich generation families living in main states of Malaysia (Johor, Penang, Kedah, Selangor and Klang Valley area). The results highlight that issues such as financial, emotional, dim future, stress, fewer savings and time management are main issues confronting sandwich generation while they perform their role as a caregiver in Malaysia. A recommendation plan is being produced by keeping in view the problems facing by the sandwich generation.

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The Older Sandwich Generation Across European Welfare Regimes: Demographic and Social Considerations

et al. 2022

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The depressive price of being a sandwich-generation caregiver: can organizations and managers help?

Cited by 20 publications

References 72 publications

Is the PHQ-9 a unidimensional measure of depression? A 58,272-participant study.

Is the PHQ-9 a unidimensional measure of depression? A 58,272-participant study.

Malaysian Sandwich Generation Issues and Challenges in Elderly Parents Care

The Older Sandwich Generation Across European Welfare Regimes: Demographic and Social Considerations

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