“…In some scientific research from 2004 to 2021, only eight experts paid attention to the scientific research paradigm. They are Patti Lather (2004), Bertram (2009, 2012), Ma and Suna (2012), Livingstone (2013), Franco (2018), Hsieh et al (2018), Caíno-Lores et al (2020), and Lepskiy (2021). Each has a different focus, orientation, and understanding of the research paradigm.…”