The Design and Implementation of the XWCETT Routing Algorithm in Cognitive Radio Based Wireless Mesh Networks

Abstract

The Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) technology has recently emerged as a promising high-speed wireless technology, which provides the last mile broadband Internet access and delivers integrated wireless communication solutions. Integrating the traditional wireless with new wireless technologies such as cognitive radio (CR) technology creates a platform for high-speed broadband communication. In a multihop ad hoc cognitive radio network (CRN) environment, the performance of the network is degraded by the routing protocols, which are adapted from the traditional wireless networks. In an endeavor to optimize the performance of the CRNs, existing routing protocols can be adapted and optimized. Secondly, new dynamic routing protocols can be designed to meet the requirements of CRNs. This paper investigates the existing routing protocols in WMNs and proposes a new routing protocol called extended Weighted Cumulative Expected Transmission Time (xWCETT). The xWCETT routing protocol was evaluated through network simulations using the NS 2. Its performance was evaluated with respect to the end-to-end average latency, the throughput, jitter, packet delivery ratio, and the normalized routing load. The comparative evaluation results show that the xWCETT achieves superior results in terms of average throughput, latency, and the normalized routing load.

Spectrum-Aware Transitive On-Demand Routing Protocol for Military Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks

“…The xWCETT is designed for CRAHNs and it uses the expected transmission count (ETC) and the expected transmission time (ETT). It performs better in large CRAHNs (Kola & Velempini, 2018).…”

“…Several reactive routing algorithms are considered in MCRAHNs however only the two bestperforming algorithms according to the literature are compared to our proposed scheme (Kola & Velempini, 2016. The algorithms are the Multi-cast On-Demand Distance Vector algorithm (MAODV) (Jhajj et al, 2019), and the Extended Weight Cumulative Expected Transhttps://doi.org/10.18489/sacj.v35i2.17389 mission Time (xWCETT) (Kola & Velempini, 2018). These are compared to our scheme, the Spectrum-Aware Transitive Multi-cast On-Demand Distance Vector (SAT-MAODV).…”

“…According to the literature, the following schemes are promising: multi-cast On-Demand Distance Vector algorithm (MAODV) (Jhajj et al, 2019), Extended Weight Cumulative Expected Transmission Time (xWCETT) (Kola & Velempini, 2018) and Mobility-Assisted Routing algorithm with Spectrum Awareness (MARSA) (Huang et al, 2014). The results show that they are best performing.…”

“…The main features of the SAT-MAODV are the ICM, NRA, EST, and TBA. The performance of the SAT-MAODV algorithm was evaluated and compared to Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Multi-cast On-Demand Distance Vector algorithm (MAODV) (Jhajj et al, 2019), Extended Weight Cumulative Expected Transmission Time (xWCETT) (Kola & Velempini, 2018) and Mobility-Assisted Routing algorithm with Spectrum Awareness (MARSA) (Huang et al, 2014). The next section presents and discusses the comparative results of these algorithms.…”