The Design of a High-Intensity Deuteron Radio Frequency Quadrupole Accelerator

Abstract

This paper presents the design of a high-intensity 10 mA deuteron RFQ accelerator that generates a 2.1 MeV beam in a continuous wave (CW) mode. The operation frequency is 162.5 MHz. The results of beam dynamics simulations demonstrate excellent output beam quality, achieving a transmission efficiency of 98.63%. The beam tracking results indicate that the RFQ is capable of managing errors within reasonable tolerances. In addition, the RF electromagnetic design and optimization are based on an RFQ model. Multiphysics simulations are then performed for the CW mode. Vacuum calculations suggest that the RFQ requires four 1200 L/s vacuum pumps and one 440 L/s ion pump to attain a vacuum pressure of 10−6 Pa.

Design of a 162.5 MHz Superconducting Radio-Frequency Quadrupole for High-Intensity Proton Acceleration

“…The lower the input energy of the particles, the stronger the space charge effect between them, which will cause emittance growth. Higher input energies require longer shaper and gentle buncher sections to effectively bunch the beam, consequently leading to an extended cavity length [33]. Transmission efficiency, influenced by numerous factors, exhibits variations across different input energy levels.…”