The design of a Li-ion full cell battery using a nano silicon and nano multi-layer graphene composite anode

Eom, KwangSup; Joshi, Tapesh; Bordes, Arnaud; Do, Inhwan; Fuller, Thomas F.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.10.087

Cited by 114 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Values of energy and power densities were also reported but no explanations on the calculation of the average working potential were provided. T. F. Fuller et al, [ 391 ] by means of commercial graphene-containing Si hybrid anode material and a nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) cathode, assembled different full-cells and investigated the infl uence of the fl uoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additive content on the SEI formation and capacity fading [ 392 ] of the batteries (Table 3 ). The authors found that, when the FEC additive is used (i.e., 10 wt% of the electrolyte mass) an improvement of the cyclability is obtained compared to the additive-free electrolyte, although a constant capacity decrease due to the continuous SEI formation and pulverization of Si on the anode was still noticeable.…”

Section: Full-cells Employing Graphene and Graphene-containing Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Insight into the Relentless Progression Toward Graphene and Graphene‐Containing Materials for Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes

et al. 2016

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that its extraordinary properties would enable revolutionary new technologies, which gave birth to the "graphene era". [ 3,4 ] Relying on this scenario, in 2013, the European Union launched the ¤1 billion "Graphene Flagship" project aimed to investigate the properties of this new form of carbon for various applications (e.g., electronics, sensors and energy storage devices), with the ambitious goal of guiding graphene from laboratories to commercial applications within a decade. [ 5,6 ] In the same period, the Chinese Government set up a similar investment to mass-produce graphene as thin fi lms (e.g., for touchscreen electrodes) and platelets (e.g., for use in batteries). [ 6 ] In the following years, hundreds of patents, mainly focused on manufacturing and application in energy storage, were fi led and the worldwide production of graphene and graphene-containing materials rapidly increased. Although a few Chinese industries claimed to already use graphene-containing materials for smartphone production, no revolutionary practical application relying on graphene has been yet developed. [ 6 ] Specifi cally with respect to the battery fi eld, a close analysis of the scientifi c literature reveals a struggle to meet the ambitious initial targets. A potential loss of focus from the fi nal application caused by hype and ease of publication on such a novel matter, together with the delivery of very misleading information [ 7,8 ] and erroneous statements [ 7 ] concerning the use of graphene in batteries are emerging as possible reasons of the ineffective graphene-era outburst. In this progress report, we do not focus on production and classifi cation of graphene and graphene-containing materials, which were already well reported in the past years. [ 3,[9][10][11] In contrast, due to the lack of an exhaustive analysis of the progression of the use of such materials in lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes, we report here a critical evaluation of the most prominent research papers published from 2008 until the end of 2015. As shown in Figure 1 , three different stages of the graphene research in LIB anodes can be distinguished: a fi rst stationary phase between 2008 and 2010 where the lithium-ion storage properties of different graphene and graphene-containing materials were preliminarily explored, a second exponential stage, spanning from 2010 to 2014, where graphene and graphene-containing anode materials were broadly developed and investigated, and fi nally, a third phase, (i.e., starting from 2015), where the research seems to have approached a plateau. After Used as a bare active material or component in hybrids, graphene has been the subject of numerous studies in recent years. Indeed, from the fi rst report that appeared in late July 2008, almost 1600 papers were published as of the end 2015 that investigated the properties of graphene as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Although an impressive amount of data has been collected, a real advance in the fi eld still seems to be missing. In this framework, atten...

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Section: Full-cells Employing Graphene and Graphene-containing Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Insight into the Relentless Progression Toward Graphene and Graphene‐Containing Materials for Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes

et al. 2016

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“…For this reason, most of the full cells using nanosized silicon or micron sized silicon negative electrodes show poor capacity retention. 17,25,[34][35][36][37][38][39] …”

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Studies of the Capacity Fade Mechanisms of LiCoO₂/Si-Alloy: Graphite Cells

Petibon

Chevrier

Aiken

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

132

137

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The capacity fade mechanisms of LiCoO 2 /Si-alloy:graphite pouch cells filled with a 1M LiPF 6 EC:EMC:FEC (27:63:10) electrolyte were studied using galvanostatic cycling, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy on symmetric cells, gas-chromatography and differential voltage analysis. Analysis of the gas generated during the first cycle indicated that FEC reacts at the negative electrode following a 1-electron reduction pathway and other pathways that do not lead to the formation of gaseous products. An analysis of the electrolyte showed that FEC is continuously consumed during the first 80% of the first charge (formation cycle). Typical cells charged and discharged at 40 • C showed a gradual capacity loss for the first 250 cycles followed by a sudden capacity drop associated with a large polarization growth. Analysis of the electrolyte showed that this sudden failure is associated with the depletion of FEC. The capacity loss as well as the consumption of FEC prior to the sudden failure was fitted using a model that includes a time dependence and a cycle number dependence. The time dependence was associated with the thickening solid electrolyte interface at the surface of the negative electrode particles (Si-alloy and graphite) and the cycle number dependence was associated with the solid electrolyte interface repair at the surface of Si-alloy particles during repeated expansion and contraction. Cost reduction and an increase in the volumetric energy density of Li-ion cells can possibly be attained using silicon-based negative electrodes.1-3 While these benefits have been known for many years, commercial implementation remains limited due to silicon's inherent challenges.Si-based electrodes can suffer from particle pulverization upon cycling (e.g. micron sized silicon), 1,4-7 can have loss of electronic contact between particles after repeated expansion and contraction during cycling, 2,8-10 can have high irreversible first cycle coulombic efficiency 11,[12][13][14][15] and can have low coulombic efficiency (compared to graphite electrodes) during cycling. 1,16,17 The root cause of these challenges is the large volume expansion 1,18 of the material during lithiation and subsequent contraction during delithiation. Several issues have been solved through the use of either nanosized Si or nanostructured Si. For instance the use of nanosized Si particles solves some of the pulverization problems encountered by micron sized Si particles. 1,4,11,[19][20][21] However, nanosized Si still suffers from inter-particle contact loss during cycling as well as low coulombic efficiency due to large specific surface area. 1,16In a recent publication, Chevrier et al. 16 presented a rational way to design commercially relevant Si-based negative electrodes. They showed that confining nano-domains of silicon in an alloy matrix suppresses particle pulverization and greatly reduces the surface area of Si exposed to the electrolyte. This approach yields materials with lower first cycle irreversible capacity (IRC) loss, better coulombic e...

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“…For that purpose, full cell studies with a practical negative electrode material like graphite are necessary. 42 Because dissolution is a slow process in NCM, alternative methods are sought to assess the long-term effects of metal dissolution on cell performance.In this work, the effects of metal dissolution on full cells employing NCM positive electrode and graphite negative electrode were accelerated. Multiple authors have reported dissolution of all transition metal species in NCM positive electrodes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of Dissolved Transition Metals on the Electrochemical Performance and SEI Growth in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Joshi

Eom

Yushin

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

Self Cite

177

161

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Transition metal dissolution is one of the major causes of capacity and power fade in lithium-ion batteries employing transition metal oxides in the positive electrode. Accelerated testing was accomplished by introducing transition-metal salts in the electrolyte in order to study the effects of dissolution on performance. It is shown that metal dissolution causes a reduction in capacity and cycle stability in full cells. The SEI layer resistance in the negative electrode of full cells increases with increasing concentration of transition metal salts. The growth of the SEI layer is non-uniform and is believed to be caused by the reduction of transition metal species in the negative electrode leading to an increase in inorganic component of the SEI layer. Consumption of fossil fuels in the transportation sector is one of the leading causes of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG).1 Efforts to develop cleaner and more efficient alternatives to the internal combustion engine running on petroleum fuels, such as fuel cells and batteries, are on the rise to mitigate this problem. Rechargeable lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries offer high energy and power densities, good cyclic stability, and low rates of self-discharge. These characteristics are essential for applications in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV), and electric vehicles (EV). Dissolution of transition metals from the positive electrode is a concern for lithium-ion batteries, and manganese dissolution is a major reason for capacity fade in spinel electrodes, including LiMn 2 O 4 . 15Although less susceptible than spinel, metal dissolution does occur in NCM electrodes and has been implicated in a rise in impedance and capacity fade with cycling. 4,16 Two main routes by which capacity fading may occur due to dissolution are (i) structural changes to the positive electrode and leading to reduced insertion capacity and (ii) accelerated growth of the SEI layer at the negative electrode and the resulting irreversible Li consumption. 15,[17][18][19][20][21][22] Capacity fade due to the structural changes occurring in the positive electrode during partial dissolution is more likely in spinel electrodes, where the extent of dissolution is high, or at high potentials (overcharge). This large degree of dissolution in spinels may cause shrinkage of the active material, which decreased the effective transport properties and kinetics of the electrode.20,23 The extent of dissolution in different positive electrode materials was compared by Choi and Manthiram, 18 and amount of Mn dissolution is 16 times greater in LiMn 2 O 4 compared to NCM electrodes. They also reported that structural stability is directly related to the extent of dissolution in electrodes. 18Dissolution may also cause a decrease in cell capacity by increased growth and breakdown of the SEI layer 21,22 on the negative electrode. Although dissolution has been studied extensively in spinel electrode materials and its negative effects on cell capacity have been wellestablished, how dissoluti...

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The design of a Li-ion full cell battery using a nano silicon and nano multi-layer graphene composite anode

Cited by 114 publications

References 24 publications

Critical Insight into the Relentless Progression Toward Graphene and Graphene‐Containing Materials for Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes

Critical Insight into the Relentless Progression Toward Graphene and Graphene‐Containing Materials for Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes

Studies of the Capacity Fade Mechanisms of LiCoO₂/Si-Alloy: Graphite Cells

Effects of Dissolved Transition Metals on the Electrochemical Performance and SEI Growth in Lithium-Ion Batteries

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The design of a Li-ion full cell battery using a nano silicon and nano multi-layer graphene composite anode

Cited by 114 publications

References 24 publications

Critical Insight into the Relentless Progression Toward Graphene and Graphene‐Containing Materials for Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes

Critical Insight into the Relentless Progression Toward Graphene and Graphene‐Containing Materials for Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes

Studies of the Capacity Fade Mechanisms of LiCoO2/Si-Alloy: Graphite Cells

Effects of Dissolved Transition Metals on the Electrochemical Performance and SEI Growth in Lithium-Ion Batteries

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Studies of the Capacity Fade Mechanisms of LiCoO₂/Si-Alloy: Graphite Cells