The Design of a Pedicle Flap in the Rat to Study Necrosis and Its Prevention

DeYoung, George G.; Henry, Ronald J. W.; McFarlane, Robert M.

doi:10.1097/00006534-196502000-00007

Cited by 367 publications

(243 citation statements)

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“…Skin flap survival A skin flap model was developed in Wistar rats based on the previous studies of McFarlane et al 33 and Khouri et al 34 (Figure 3a). Following post-operative day 1, various degrees of epidermolysis began to appear.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C 2 C 12 myoblasts were chosen as they are able to produce high levels of recombinant proteins for prolonged periods 25 and they can be induced to differentiate to varying degrees into a post-mitotic state. 32 A rat model of random pattern skin flap necrosis, 33,34 resembling situations observed in the clinic, was employed to test VEGF and FGF-2 delivered by encapsulated genetically engineered myoblasts. The encapsulated cell implants were evaluated for their ability to improve the overall survival of the distal zone of the ischemic flap and to induce the growth of new blood vessels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Delivery of FGF-2 but not VEGF by encapsulated genetically engineered myoblasts improves survival and vascularization in a model of acute skin flap ischemia

et al. 2001

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Stimulating angiogenesis by gene transfer approaches offers the hope of treating tissue ischemia which is untreatable by currently practiced techniques of vessel grafting and bypass surgery. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) are potent angiogenic molecules, making them ideal candidates for novel gene transfer protocols designed to promote new blood vessel growth. In this study, an ex vivo gene therapy approach utilizing cell encapsulation was employed to deliver VEGF and FGF-2 in a continuous and localized manner. C(2)C(12) myoblasts were genetically engineered to secrete VEGF(121), VEGF(165) and FGF-2. These cell lines were encapsulated in hollow microporous polymer membranes for transplantation in vivo. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in a model of acute skin flap ischemia. Capsules were positioned under the distal, ischemic region of the flap. Control flaps showed 50% necrosis at 1 week. Capsules releasing either form of VEGF had no effect on flap survival, but induced a modest increase in distal vascular supply. Delivery of FGF-2 significantly improved flap survival, reducing necrosis to 34.2% (P < 0.001). Flap vascularization was significantly increased by FGF-2 (P < 0.01), with numerous vessels, many of which had a large lumen diameter, growing in the proximity of the implanted capsules. These results demonstrate that FGF-2, delivered from encapsulated cells, is more efficacious than either VEGF(121) or VEGF(165) in treating acute skin ischemia and improving skin flap survival. Furthermore, these data attest to the applicability of cell encapsulation for the delivery of angiogenic factors for the treatment and prevention of tissue ischemia

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivery of FGF-2 but not VEGF by encapsulated genetically engineered myoblasts improves survival and vascularization in a model of acute skin flap ischemia

et al. 2001

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“…A 10 x 4 cm, cranially-based, dorsal skin flap was created in the rat according to the procedure described by McFarlane et al 15 which has been used as an experimental model for the study of necrosis and its prevention. Skin flap necrosis represented between 25% and 50% of the total area of the flap and was located Animal at its distal portion; in 5.7% of the flaps no significant necrosis was observed 17 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of different doses of 670 nm diode laser on skin flap survival in rats

et al. 2012

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PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of different low-level laser therapy (LLLT) doses on random skin flap rats. METHODS: Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided in four groups. The control group (CG) was not irradiated. The experimental groups were irradiated with a diode laser 670 nm with different energies per point: group 2 (G2) with 0.06 J; group 3 (G3) 0.15 J and group 4 (G4) 0.57 J. The three groups were irradiated in 12 equally distributed points in the cranial skin flap portion. They were submitted to the irradiation during the immediate, first and second postoperative days. The necrosis area was evaluated in the seventh postoperative day. RESULTS: The CG shows 49.35% of necrosis area in the skin flap; G2, 39.14%; G3, 47.01% and G4, 29.17% respectively. There was a significantly difference when G4 was compared with CG`s skin flap necrosis area. CONCLUSION: The low-level laser therapy diode 670 nm with 0.57 J energy per point increases the survival in randomic skin flap rats.

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“…Following anesthesia, each rat was placed on a flat surface with legs extended, the back was shaved, and the skin flap was outlined. After, a 10 x 4-cm, cranially-based dorsal skin flap was raised 14 ; its cranial limit was determined by a transverse line at the level of the angles of the scapulae. The skin flap was dissected to the deep fascia and a plastic barrier was placed between the flap and its bed (donor site) 15,16 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capsaicin on the viability of random-pattern skin flaps in rats

et al. 2010

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Purpose:To evaluate the effects of capsaicin on the viability of ischemic random-pattern skin flaps in rats. Methods: Forty EPM1-Wistar rats were randomized into two groups of 20 animals each, the capsaicin group and the control group. A random-pattern skin flap measuring 10 x 4cm was raised and a plastic barrier was placed between the flap and the donor site. After the surgical procedure, the control group was treated with an inert vehicle in the form of a cream applied uniformly to a rayon bandage which, in turn, was applied to the surface of the skin flap. The capsaicin group was treated in the same way, but in this case capsaicin was added to the cream. This procedure was repeated for two consecutive days. Results: There was a significantly smaller amount of flap necrosis in the capsaicin group (35.07%) than in the control group (44.75%) (p=0.035). Conclusion: Topical administration of capsaicin improved the viability of ischemic random-pattern skin flaps in rats. Key words: Capsaicin. Surgical Flaps. Neuropeptides. Necrosis. Rats. RESUMOObjetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da capsaicina na viabilidade de retalhos isquêmicos randômicos em ratos. Métodos: Quarenta ratos EPM1-Wistar foram distribuídos ao acaso em dois grupos de 20 animais cada, um grupo capsaicina e um grupo controle. Um retalho isquêmico randômico medindo 10 x 4cm foi elevado e uma barreira plástica foi colocada entre o retalho e a área doadora. Após o procedimento cirúrgico, o grupo controle foi tratado com um veículo inerte sob a forma creme aplicado uniformemente sobre uma atadura de rayon, que, por sua vez, foi aplicada à superfície do retalho. O grupo capsaicina foi tratado da mesma forma, porém a capsaicina foi adicionada ao creme. Este procedimento foi repetido por dois dias consecutivos. Resultados: Houve uma quantidade significativamente menor da necrose do retalho no grupo capsaicina (35,07%) comparado ao grupo controle (44,75%) (p=0,035). Conclusão: A administração tópica da capsaicina melhorou a viabilidade de retalhos isquêmicos randômicos em ratos.

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The Design of a Pedicle Flap in the Rat to Study Necrosis and Its Prevention

Cited by 367 publications

References 0 publications

Delivery of FGF-2 but not VEGF by encapsulated genetically engineered myoblasts improves survival and vascularization in a model of acute skin flap ischemia

Delivery of FGF-2 but not VEGF by encapsulated genetically engineered myoblasts improves survival and vascularization in a model of acute skin flap ischemia

The effects of different doses of 670 nm diode laser on skin flap survival in rats

Capsaicin on the viability of random-pattern skin flaps in rats

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