The design of microstrip patch antenna with four polarizations

A Wideband, Low-Profile, Conical-Beam Antenna With Horizontal Polarization for Indoor Wireless Communications

“…3 depicts the SWR and antenna gain versus frequency. It is observed that the measured impedance bandwidth is 38% ranging from 1.61 to 2.38 GHz, which is much better than that of most of the horizontally polarized conical beam antenna designs found in the literature [1]- [3]. The measured operating frequency range is slightly shifted below the simulated one by about 0.2 GHz, which is probably due to fabrication errors.…”

“…In [1], an approach to produce a rotationally symmetric, horizontally polarized pattern with conical beam is achieved by arranging a group of conventional patch radiators in a ring configuration. This concept is further developed using slot antennas instead of microtrip patches [2], [3]. However, these designs suffer from narrow impedance bandwidth and low antenna efficiency.…”

“The magneto-electric multipole antenna - a new wideband antenna with pattern and polarization diversity”

“…In particular, the diversity antenna is compared to increase system capability [1]. There are different types of diversity antennas including spatial diversity antenna, frequency diversity antenna [2], polarization diversity antenna [1] [3] and pattern diversity antenna [4][5]. The pattern and polarization diversity techniques can be used to solve the multipathfading effects in modern wireless systems [2].…”

“…The pattern and polarization diversity techniques can be used to solve the multipathfading effects in modern wireless systems [2]. Comparing with the classical antennas with a single radiation mode, the pattern diversity antennas, which are capable of radiating and receiving signals from different radiation modes, has the advantages of less installation space, low coupling effect and low installation costs [4]. Several antenna structures offering pattern and polarization diversities have been proposed in the literature [4]- [5].…”

“…Comparing with the classical antennas with a single radiation mode, the pattern diversity antennas, which are capable of radiating and receiving signals from different radiation modes, has the advantages of less installation space, low coupling effect and low installation costs [4]. Several antenna structures offering pattern and polarization diversities have been proposed in the literature [4]- [5]. Unfortunately, the available pattern and polarization diversity antennas suffer from narrow bandwidth [4] and incomplete pattern diversity modes [5].…”