The Design of the CCAT-prime Epoch of Reionization Spectrometer Instrument

Abstract

The Epoch of Reionization Spectrometer (EoR-Spec) is an instrument module for the Prime-Cam receiver of the 6 m aperture CCAT-prime Telescope at 5600 m in Chile. EoR-Spec will perform 158 µm [CII] line intensity mapping of star-forming regions at redshifts between 3.5 and 8 (420 -210 GHz), tracing the evolution of structure during early galaxy formation. At lower redshifts, EoR-Spec will observe galaxies near the period of peak star formation -when most stars in today's universe were formed. At higher redshifts, EoR-Spec will trace the late stages of reionization, the early stages of galaxy assembly, and the formation of large-scale, three-dimensional clustering of star-forming galaxies. To achieve its science goals, EoR-Spec will utilize CCAT-prime's exceptionally low water vapor site, large field of view (∼ 5 degrees at 210 GHz), and narrow beam widths (∼ 1 arcminute at 210 GHz). EoR-Spec will be outfitted with a cryogenic, metamaterial, silicon substrate-based Fabry-Perot Interferometer operating at a resolving power (λ /∆ λ ) of 100. Monolithic dichroic arrays of cryogenic, feedhorn-coupled transition edge sensor bolometers provide approximately 6000 detectors, which are read out using a frequency division multiplexing system based on microwave SQUIDs. The novel design allows the measurement of the [CII] line at two redshifts simultaneously using dichroic pixels and two orders of the Fabry-Perot. Here we present the design and science goals of EoR-Spec, with emphasis on the spectrometer, detector array, and readout designs.

The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the HUDF: A Search for [C ii] Emitters at 6 ≤ z ≤ 8

“…Statistical approaches applied to existing ALMA data sets, such as the power spectrum analysis (as demonstrated in Uzgil et al 2019 andKeating et al 2020), provide efficient tools for probing low-fidelity emission from faint galaxies below survey detection thresholds. Data sets from line intensity mappingtailored to this statistical approach-will also be available from ongoing and future experiments using instruments with a large field of view on single-dish telescopes (e.g., EoR-Spec (Cothard et al 2020); SuperSpec (Redford et al 2018;Karkare et al 2020); CONCERTO (Lagache et al 2018); TIME (Sun et al 2020)) to probe aggregate [C II] emission at the highest redshifts.…”

Implications of the $z>5$ Lyman-$α$ forest for the 21-cm power spectrum from the epoch of reionization

“…The Ly α emitter (LAE) clustering and luminosity function measurements from facilities such as Subaru/HSC and Subaru/PFS face rapidly worsening statistics at higher redshifts (Weinberger et al 2020(Weinberger et al , 2019. Metal-line intensity mapping experiments such as concerto (CarbON CII line in post-rEionisationand Reion-isaTiOn epoch; Concerto Collaboration 2020) and ccat-p (Fred Young Submillimeter Telescope; Cothard et al 2020) will potentially detect the large-scale structure at these redshifts. Cross-correlating these data sets can potentially yield important scientific insight by reducing parameter degeneracies, but the data quality for these data sets is much better at lower redshifts (z 6) (Dumitru et al 2019).…”

Implications of the z > 5 Lyman-α forest for the 21-cm power spectrum from the epoch of reionization

“…The Ly α emitter clustering and luminosity function measurements from facilities such as Subaru/HSC and Subaru/PFS are also available at z < 7.5 (Weinberger et al 2020(Weinberger et al , 2019. Metal-line intensity mapping experiments such as concerto (Concerto Collaboration 2020) and ccat-p (Cothard et al 2020) will also potentially detect the large-scale structure at these redshifts. Cross-correlating 21-cm measurements with these multi-wavelength data sets can potentially yield important scientific insight by reducing parameter degeneracies (Dumitru et al 2019).…”