The Destruction of Red Cells by Antibodies in Man. II. Pyrogenic, Leukocytic and Dermal Responses to Immune Hemolysis1

Jandl, James H.; Tomlinson, Ann S.

doi:10.1172/jci103710

Cited by 105 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, the role that circulating antibody may play in producing the fever associated with these immunopathologic diseases of man is for the most part still unclear since other fever-producing mechanisms such as delayed type of hypersensitivity, tissue necrosis or inflammation may also be operative in these conditions. An exception to this is the demonstration by Jandl and Tomlinson (9) that the interaction of antibody with erythrocytes can initiate the febrile response.…”

Section: Howard M Grey Winton Briggs and Richard S Farr Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Passive Transfer of Sensitivity to Antigen-Induced Fever*

Grey¹,

Briggs²,

Farr³

1961

J. Clin. Invest.

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The febrile response of immunized rabbits to bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been shown to be similar in many respects to the fever observed following the injection of bacterial endotoxin into normal rabbits and of old tuberculin into tuberculin-sensitive rabbits (1, 2).The similarities between fever attributed to antigen and the fever induced by endotoxin have led to the suggestion that endotoxin is pyrogenic because it is itself an antigen. It has been postulated that sensitization to endotoxin results from the constant antigenic stimulus of endotoxin in the gram-negative intestinal bacteria. Stetson (3. 4) has suggested that the febrile reactions to endotoxin and tuberculo-protein are both manifestations of delayed hypersensitivity and has demonstrated similarities in the systemic and local skin reactions elicited by the two antigens. On the other hand, Hall and Atkins (5) found no correlation between the intensity of delayed dermal sensitivity and the amount of fever elicited by old tuberculin in tuberculin-sensitive rabbits.The purpose of the present investigation was to learn by passive transfer studies whether the fever produced by the injection of BSA into an immunized animal was a manifestation of delayed or immediate type of hypersensitivity. It was postulated that febrile reactions to BSA occurring in normal recipients given serum from an immunized animal would indicate the transfer of immediate hypersensitivity, whereas similar reactions following the transfer of cells, would suggest the delayed type of hypersensitivity.

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Section: Howard M Grey Winton Briggs and Richard S Farr Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Passive Transfer of Sensitivity to Antigen-Induced Fever*

Grey¹,

Briggs²,

Farr³

1961

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…This reaction may, therefore, release antigen-antibody complexes which, in turn, activate granulocytes, as suggested by Jandl's studies (42). 13 Tuberculin also produces in vitro lysis of both lymphocytes and granulocytes of sensitized animals (29) so that the mechanism of leukocyte activation may be a more direct one.…”

Section: Response Of Normal Rabbits Injected Intravenously With Mixtumentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This did not occur when a particulate (Rh) antigen (present on the surface of Type D erythrocytes) was incubated in vitro with whole blood of a D-sensitized donor (42). When transfused into a sensitized subject, however, D cells were sequestered at sites in the RES and produced both leukopenia and fever.…”

Section: Response Of Normal Rabbits Injected Intravenously With Mixtumentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Tuberculin Fever

Atkins

Heijn

1965

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Although fever is a well known and common manifestation of hypersensitivity, little has been learned about the sequence of events by which antigen disturbs temperature regulation in sensitized individuals. Using tuberculininduced fever in rabbits infected with BCG as a model, we have shown in previous papers that an endogenous pyrogen (EP) appears in the circulation of such animals during the febrile response (1, 2). When injected intravenously this agent causes immediate fevers in normal rabbits, and is, therefore, clearly distinct from tuberculin itself which produces fever after a latency of 45 to 60 minutes and is pyrogenic only in animals previously sensitized by BCG. The tissue source of EP in this form of hypersensitivity fever has remained uncertain. In several systems of hypersensitivity, including tuberculin, Johanovsk~ has reported that when antigen is added in vitro to mononuclear ceils from spleen or lymph nodes of specifically sensitized animals, a pyrogen is formed which he has called 'hypersensitivity pyrogen' to distinguish it from serum endogenous pyrogen present in other experimental fevers (3-8).In the following experiments, tuberculin was added in vitro to various tissues of BCG-sensitized rabbits in an attempt to repeat Johanovskg's findings and to determine the origin of the pyrogen which appears in the serum in tuberculin-induced fever. Johanovsk~'s observations were not confirmed, and evidence is presented instead that sensitized blood cells release EP in vitro when incubated with tuberculin and hence may be a source of the circulating pyrogen in this form of hypersensitivity fever.In additional experiments, it was found that normal blood cells, briefly incubated in plasma of sensitized animals, were similarly activated in vitro by tuberculin, an observation which suggests that humoral antibodies play a role in the genesis of tuberculin-induced fever.

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“…On the other hand, we have been unable to obtain in vitro release of pyrogen by incubating a purified antigen, human serum albumin, with blood cells of specifically sensitized rabbits (unpublished results). Since these same animals develop marked leukopenias followed by high fevers when injected with the antigen intravenously, the host's cells may be activated only under conditions present in vivo in this form of experimental fever, as appears to be the case in certain clinical fevers associated with immune hemolysis (36).…”

Section: Time (Hours)mentioning

confidence: 96%

Release of an Endogenous Pyrogen in Vitro From Rabbit Mononuclear Cells

Atkins

Bodel

Francis

1967

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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The capacity of rabbit mononuclear cells to release an endogenous pyrogen (EP) in vitro has been studied. After incubation with tuberculin, preparations of predominantly monocytic cells, derived from the respiratory passages of the lungs of rabbits sensitized with BCG, were activated to release EP. Pyrogen production occurred more slowly with lung monocytes than with blood leukocytes of similarly sensitized rabbits and 9 to 10 hr incubation in a fully supportive medium was required to produce clear-cut results. As previously reported with blood leukocytes, mononuclear cells from the lungs of normal animals were also activated by tuberculin but to a lesser degree than were those from specifically sensitized rabbits. Under a variety of conditions, mononuclear cells from either spleen or lymph nodes of the same sensitized rabbits failed to release detectable amounts of pyrogen when incubated with tuberculin in vitro but were activated in a majority of instances when phagocytosis of heat-killed staphylococci was used as the stimulus. Release of pyrogen from lung monocytes appears to be an active process that is both temperature-dependent and requires protein synthesis. Neither serum antibody nor complement appears to play a role in this process. Evidence is presented that the granulocyte is the main source of pyrogen evolved by blood leukocytes incubated in vitro with OT or heat-killed staphylococci, whereas the lung macrophage and/or monocyte is responsible for most of the pyrogen released from the lung cell preparations. From these studies, it is concluded that mononuclear cells can be activated in vitro by several microbial stimuli and must be considered an additional cellular source of EP. The clinical implications of these findings for the pathogenesis of fever in granulomatous diseases where the monocyte is the predominant cell are discussed.

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The Destruction of Red Cells by Antibodies in Man. II. Pyrogenic, Leukocytic and Dermal Responses to Immune Hemolysis1

Cited by 105 publications

References 40 publications

The Passive Transfer of Sensitivity to Antigen-Induced Fever*

The Passive Transfer of Sensitivity to Antigen-Induced Fever*

Studies on Tuberculin Fever

Release of an Endogenous Pyrogen in Vitro From Rabbit Mononuclear Cells

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