The Destruction of the Anaerobic Environment Caused by Rumen Fistula Surgery Leads to Differences in the Rumen Microbial Diversity and Function of Sheep

Abstract

This experiment was to study the impact of rumen fistula surgery on the rumen microbios in sheep. Six male adult Hu sheep (48.8 ± 0.23 kg, 0.5 years) were fed at 0700 and 1,800 with ad libitum access to water. The rumen fistula was installed in the same batch from 0600 to 0900. Monitoring the dry mater intake and the output of dry mater faces 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 days after fistulated surgery. The collection of rumen fluid was arranged at 1d during rumen surgery (DRS1), 3d after rumen surgery (ARS3), and 14d after rumen surgery (ARS14) for volatile fatty acid (VFA) and DNA extraction for sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. There was no difference in DMI, the pH apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber both before and 14 days after surgery. Increases were observed in the acetate and total VFA at ARS3. There was no difference in digestion of dry material, organic material, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber before and after surgery. The relative abundance of Bacteroides decreased from 61.96% at DRS1 to 28.85% at ARS3. In comparison with the DRS1 and ARS3, the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the ARS14 increased to 44.58% (P < 0.01). Proteobacteria increased from 11.33% at DRS1 to 51.66% at ARS3 and then decreased to 11.39% at ARS14. Prevotella decreased form 61.06% at DRS1 to 28.04% in the ARS3. Succinivibrio increased from 8.32% at DRS1 to 48.58% at ARS3, but decreased to 10.43% in the ARS14. Compared with DRS1 and ARS3, the ARS14 was higher in the Simpson and Shannon index. As for the BugBase function prediction, rumen fistula surgery increased the microorganism abundance of aerobic and facultative anaerobic phenotype, and anaerobic phenotype was decreased in the ARS3. There was higher microorganism abundance of aerobic phenotype in the ARS14 than before fistula installation. In conclusion, the rumen fistula surgery destroys the anaerobic environment of rumen, leading to differences in rumen microbial diversity and function, but the apparent digestibility and total VFA were not affected.

Anaerobic fermentation featuring wheat bran and rice bran realizes the clean transformation of Chinese cabbage waste into livestock feed

“…Therefore, the effects of the bran treatments on day 3 on the phenotypic characteristics of the microbial community were adverse, which probably resulted from that introducing the brans increased residual oxygen in the fermentative system. Moreover, establishing a new balance under anaerobic conditions resulted in the reduction in bacteria that were mobile element-contained, biofilm-formed, and potentially pathogenic, which was consistent with the phenomenon of the present study on day 60 (Cao et al, 2021). Furthermore, a high incidence of aerobic bacteria raises nutrient loss and leads to aerobic spoilage.…”

“…Du et al (2021a) indicated that exogenous probiotic inoculation and the anaerobic environment decreased the bacterial communities that were Gram-negative, potentially pathogenetic, mobile element-contained, and biofilm-formed. Cao et al (2021) indicated that destroying anaerobic environments increased microorganisms that were aerobic, facultatively anaerobic, mobile element-contained, biofilm-formed, and potentially pathogenic phenotypes and a reduction in those that were anaerobic phenotypes. Therefore, the effects of the bran treatments on day 3 on the phenotypic characteristics of the microbial community were adverse, which probably resulted from that introducing the brans increased residual oxygen in the fermentative system.…”

Lactic Acid Bacteria and Formic Acid Improve Fermentation Quality and Beneficial Predicted Functional Characteristics in Mixed Silage Consisting of Alfalfa and Perennial Ryegrass

“…Notably, the lowest relative abundance of potentially pathogenic phenotypes was measured in the FA group, suggesting that the addition of FA is beneficial for reducing some of the pathogenic diseases that can occur in animals fed silage. The relative abundance of stress tolerance is associated with oxygen stress, and oxidative stress is thought to be an important factor in aging and disease [56]. With less air in the silage and the formation of an acidic environment, the oxidation capacity decreases; thus, the incidence of disease is reduced in animals.…”

Supplementation of Aspergillus oryzae Culture Improved the Feed Dry Matter Digestibility and the Energy Supply of Total Volatile Fatty Acid Concentrations in the Rumen of Hu Sheep

“…The post-operative care procedure referred to sheep fistula surgery concepts and techniques from Durmic et al ( 16 ). The details of the rumen operation and sheep care were described in recently publication by our research team ( 17 ). The treatments were control group (CON) that fed a basal diet in the form of total mixed ratio (TMR), and experimental groups fed a basal diet plus 10, 20 and 40 g of AOC/d, respectively.…”