The detailed tephrostratigraphy of a core from the south‐east Black Sea spanning the last ∼60 ka

Cullen, Victoria L.; Smith, Vicki; Arz, Helge Wolfgang

doi:10.1002/jqs.2739

Cited by 36 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Geochemical comparisons between different samples have been implemented with the help of more and more sophisticated statistical tools (Borchardt et al, 1972;Kutterolf et al, 2008a;Green et al, 2014;Bronk Ramsey et al, 2015b). It is possible that tephras from different (or similar) tectonic settings but originating from different geographical regions (e.g., different island arcs) can be found in the same geological sequence (e.g., Lane et al, 2011;Cullen et al, 2014). A practical guide on discrimination of glasses from different tectonic settings has been recently developed for Mediterranean, Icelandic and Azores volcanoes .…”

Section: Future Challenges and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tephra without Borders: Far-Reaching Clues into Past Explosive Eruptions

2015

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This review is intended to highlight recent exciting advances in the study of distal (>100 km from the source) tephra and cryptotephra deposits and their potential application for volcanology. Geochemical correlations of tephra between proximal and distal locations have extended the geographical distribution of tephra over tens of millions square kilometers. Such correlations embark on the potential to reappraise volume and magnitude estimates of known eruptions. Cryptotephra investigations in marine, lake, and ice-core records also give rise to continuous chronicles of large explosive eruptions many of which were hitherto unknown. Tephra preservation within distal ice sheets and varved lake sediments permit precise dating of parent eruptions and provide new insight into the frequency of eruptions. Recent advances in analytical methods permit an examination of magmatic processes and the evolution of the whole volcanic belts at distances of hundreds and thousands of kilometers from source. Distal tephrochronology has much to offer volcanology and has the potential to significantly contribute to our understanding of sizes, recurrence intervals and geochemical make-up of the large explosive eruptions.

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Section: Future Challenges and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tephra without Borders: Far-Reaching Clues into Past Explosive Eruptions

2015

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“…What is more, one particular Alaskan tephra, the White River Ash (AD 833–850), has also been correlated to the well‐known AD 860B isochron identified in Ireland (Hall and Pilcher, ; Jensen et al , ) and beyond. Further afield, Cullen et al () demonstrate how Italian, Hellenic and Turkish tephras are preserved in a Black Sea core, opening up the possibilities for tracing tephras from these sources further east. Moreover, the discovery of fallout material from Pacific arc volcanoes in Greenland ice presents an exciting opportunity for Atlantic–Pacific correlations (Bourne et al , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptotephras: the revolution in correlation and precision dating

Davies

2015

J Quaternary Science

136

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From its Icelandic origins in the study of visible tephra horizons, tephrochronology took a remarkable step in the late 1980 s with the discovery of a ca. 4300-year-old microscopic ash layer in a Scottish peat bog. Since then, the search for these cryptotephra deposits in distal areas has gone from strength to strength. Indeed, a recent discovery demonstrates how a few fine-grained glass shards from an Alaskan eruption have been dispersed more than 7000 km to northern Europe. Instantaneous deposition of geochemically distinct volcanic ash over such large geographical areas gives rise to a powerful correlation tool with considerable potential for addressing a range of scientific questions. A prerequisite of this work is the establishment of regional tephrochronological frameworks that include well-constrained age estimates and robust geochemical signatures for each deposit. With distal sites revealing a complex record of previously unknown volcanic events, frameworks are regularly revised, and it has become apparent that some closely timed eruptions have similar geochemical signatures. The search for unique and robust geochemical fingerprints thus hinges on rigorous analysis by electron microprobe and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Historical developments and significant breakthroughs are presented to chart the revolution in correlation and precision dating over the last 50 years using tephrochronology and cryptotephrochronology.

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“…). Tephras from Roxolany (Wulf et al , ) and from Black Sea drill cores (Cullen et al , ) also have similar glass compositions. Using various bivariate major element plots, the Pantellerian Green tuff can be readily distinguished based on its high FeO content, which differs from other tephras.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the late Pleistocene Ciomadul volcano (Harangi et al , ; Szakács et al , ; Karátson et al , ; Molnár et al , , ). Tephra beds in the Black Sea drilling cores (Cullen et al , ), in loess deposits of Ukraine (Wulf et al , ) and in Middle Palaeolithic caves (Veres et al , ) have been recently suggested as derived from large explosive eruption events of Ciomadul volcano. However, to confirm this and to elucidate the regional impact of the Ciomadul eruptions, a better characterization of the Ciomadul tephras is necessary through geochronological, petrological and geochemical fingerprinting to constrain the accurate age and the nature of the volcanic products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Volcanoes in and around the Mediterranean region that produced large explosive eruptions resulting in deposition of far‐reaching distal tephra for the last 100 kyr (references are in Supporting Material_1). Roxolany (Wulf et al , ) and drill sites in the southern Black Sea (Cullen et al , ) are shown where distal tephra of Ciomadul origin was assumed. For Ciomadul only the latest, dominantly explosive volcanic epoch is shown (Harangi et al , ; Molnár et al , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fingerprinting the Late Pleistocene tephras of Ciomadul volcano, eastern–central Europe

Harangi

Molnár

Schmitt

et al. 2020

J Quaternary Science

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Late Pleistocene tephras derived by large explosive volcanic eruptions are widespread in the Mediterranean and surrounding areas. They are important isochronous markers in stratigraphic sections and therefore it is important to constrain their sources. We report here tephrochronology results using multiple criteria to characterize the volcanic products of the Late Pleistocene Ciomadul volcano in eastern-central Europe. This dacitic volcano had an explosive eruption stage between 57 and 30 ka. The specific petrological character (ash texture, occurrence of plagioclase and amphibole phenocrysts and their compositions), the high-K calc-alkaline major element composition and particularly the distinct trace element characteristics provide a strong fingerprint of the Ciomadul volcano. This can be used for correlating tephra and cryptotephra occurrences within this timeframe. Remarkably, during this period several volcanic eruptions produced tephras with similar glass major element composition. However, they differ from Ciomadul tephras by glass trace element abundances, ratios of strongly incompatible trace elements and their mineral cargo that serve as discrimination tools. We used (U-Th)/He zircon dates combined with U-Th in situ rim dates along with luminescence and radiocarbon dating to constrain the age of the explosive eruptions of Ciomadul that yielded distal tephra layers but lack of identified proximal deposits.

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The detailed tephrostratigraphy of a core from the south‐east Black Sea spanning the last ∼60 ka

Cited by 36 publications

References 89 publications

Tephra without Borders: Far-Reaching Clues into Past Explosive Eruptions

Tephra without Borders: Far-Reaching Clues into Past Explosive Eruptions

Cryptotephras: the revolution in correlation and precision dating

Fingerprinting the Late Pleistocene tephras of Ciomadul volcano, eastern–central Europe

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