The Detection of Corrosion Phenomena with pH‐Sensitive Fluorescent Dyes on Aluminum‐ and Gold‐Metallized IC Devices

White, L. K.; Comizzoli, R. B.; Deckert, C. A.; Schnable, G. L.

doi:10.1149/1.2127581

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…On the one hand, the process leads to a more acidic milieu at the anode (pH ≪ 7) due to the production of H + -ions, on the other hand, it increases the pH at the cathode (pH ≫ 7) leading to a more basic milieu (see Fig. 1) [9,13,25]. The local pH of the solution has a big influence on the corrosion of metals.…”

Section: Special Issue On International Seminar On Power Semiconductomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bare Al is known to be very reactive and builds up an aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH) 3 ) layer on its surface when getting in contact with water, thus, providing excellent oxidation resistance [11][12][13][14][28][29][30]. However, the Pourbaix diagram of Al indicates thermodynamic stability is given in region III (between pH 4 and 9) only.…”

Section: Al Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since an effective corrosion resistance is mainly dependent on the stability and integrity of the oxide film, corrosion and its initiation sites are correlated with defects in the protective layer [7, 11, 13]. Weak spots result from geometrical heterogeneities including edges, rough surfaces and interfaces, but also from chemical or physical heterogeneities, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature–humidity–bias testing on insulated‐gate bipolartransistor modules – failure modes and acceleration due to high voltage

Zorn

Kaminski

2015

IET Power Electronics

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The temperature-humidity-bias (THB) test is the standard for accelerated stress testing with respect to corrosion and other humidity driven degradation mechanisms. Usually, 1000 h tests at 85°C and 85% relative humidity are used to predict up to 25 years of operation. The bias is usually limited to 80 V in order to fulfil the respective standards. Nevertheless, THB tests on 1700 V insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)-modules have shown that higher bias is a more severe test condition. The failure analysis confirmed Cu-and Ag-dendrites and corrosion of the aluminium (Al)-chip-metallisation as the relevant failure mechanisms. To determine the acceleration factor due to voltage, 1200 V IGBT modules were tested in THB at 780 V (65% of V CES) and 1080 V (90% of V CES). A characteristic degradation consisting of three phases has been identified. The second phase seems to be determined by Al corrosion and an acceleration factor of about two has been estimated from 780 to 1080 V. Within the third phase, the devices stabilised probably due to localised self-heating. Thus, this degradation mechanism is kind of self-limiting, but the higher leakage also increases the risk of thermal runaway especially when biased close to the rated collector-emitter voltage.

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Section: Special Issue On International Seminar On Power Semiconductomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Al Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature–humidity–bias testing on insulated‐gate bipolartransistor modules – failure modes and acceleration due to high voltage

Zorn

Kaminski

2015

IET Power Electronics

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“…The charge passed at the point of detection is then a total charge, Q TOT , which is equal to (N x Q DET ), where Q DET is the critical charge required for detection of each single spot. The previous analysis can thus be modified: (5) log (t DET / N) = log Q DET -log I APP (6) According to this analysis, a plot of log (t DET /N) vs. log I APP should have a slope of -1, and an intercept that provides a value of detectable charge, Q DET . Figure 13 shows the data replotted in this fashion, along with a fitted line with slope -1.…”

Section: Sensitivity Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion-Sensing Behavior of an Acrylic-Based Coating System

Zhang¹,

Frankel²

1999

CORROSION

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Paint systems containing color-change or fluorescing compounds were found to be sensitive to underlying corrosion processes by reacting to the pH increase associated with the cathodic reaction that accompanies corrosion. The sensitivity of acrylic-based coating systems for detection of cathodic reactions associated with corrosion was determined by applying constant cathodic current and measuring the charge at which color change or fluorescence was detected. Visual observation of coated samples with the unaided eye can detect changes resulting from a charge corresponding to a hemispherical pit with depth on the order of 10 µm. The characteristics of modified acrylic coating systems were studied by titration tests. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy was also performed to test the influence of the indicating compound addition on the coating corrosion protectiveness. The time for color change was determined to be controlled by the sensitivity of the coating to pH increase, and not by the coating protectiveness.

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“…Although there are still technical challenges associated with corrosion indicating coatings, they are showing great promise for industrial applications. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Conductive polymers and surface modified nanoparticles have been studied as potential materials for inhibitor controlled-release applications. [22][23][24][25][26][27] Self healing coatings are another new development in material design that is important to corrosion control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%