The detection of subclinical mastitis in the bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) by somatic cell count and California mastitis test

Abdurahman, O. A. S.

doi:10.1007/bf00346570

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However other isolates such as Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Diplococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Bacillus cereus, Corynebacterium bovis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pasteurella spp., Pasteurella haemolytica (chronic suppurative mastitis), Klebsiella spp., Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Corynebacterium equi and Corynebacterium pyogenes, Candida albicans have also been reported [103,105,110,[114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125]. Bacteriological findings and correlation with the California mastitis test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC) in bactrian camels are similar to those reported in dromedary camels [126][127][128]. Treatment of subclinical mastitis with antimicrobials has been suggested by several authors.…”

Section: Mastitismentioning

confidence: 54%

“…The correlation between udder infections and the results of the CMT results is debated. The percentage of milk samples from CMT positive quarters yielding a positive bacteriological result can vary from 10% to 75% [103,110,117,120,126,132,133]. N-acetyl-b-Dglucosaminidase (NAGase) activity in milk was found to be a good indicator of subclinical mastitis in the camel [134,135].…”

Section: Mastitismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infectious causes of reproductive loss in camelids

et al. 2006

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Reproductive losses in camelids are due to infertility, pregnancy loss, udder diseases and neonatal mortality caused by a variety of infectious diseases. Uterine infection and abortion represent the major complaint in camelid veterinary practice. The major infectious organisms in endometritis and metritis are E. coli and Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus. Abortion rates due to infectious diseases vary from 10% to more than 70% in some areas. Leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis and chlamydiosis have been diagnosed as the major causes of abortion in llamas and alpacas. In camels, brucellosis and trypanosomiasis represent the major causes of infectious abortion in the Middle East and Africa. Mastitis is rare in South American camelids. The prevalence of subclinical udder infection in camels can reach very high proportions in dairy camels. Udder infections are primarily due to Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus. Neonatal mortality is primarily due to diarrhea following failure of passive transfer and exposure to E. coli, rotavirus, coronavirus, Coccidia and Salmonella. This paper reviews the etio-pathogenesis of these causes of reproductive losses, as well as the major risk factors and strategies to prevent their occurrence.

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Section: Mastitismentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Mastitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious causes of reproductive loss in camelids

et al. 2006

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“…Kospakov (1976) isolated staphylococcal strain from udder tissue, bulk milk and udder skin of Bactrian camels. The microorganism found in the present study was regarded as important pathogens causing mastitis in dromedary camels (Bakhiet et al, 1992;Abdurahmann, 1996;Abera et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Monitoring of monthly SCC in she-camel in relation to milking practice,<br>udder status and microbiological contamination of milk

Saleh

AL-Ramadhan²,

Faye

2013

Emir. J. Food Agric

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Somatic cell counts and bacteriological examinations were measured in 28 camel milk samples from 2 farms, one with milking machine (farm A) and the second with hand milking (farm B). The milk was analyzed for 6 months after the parturition, every month, the first one occurring one week approximately after delivery. The somatic cell count was higher at the first sampling in the two farms but significantly more in farm B. The microbiological contamination was also higher in farm B (37% samples were contaminated) than in farm A (12%). The somatic cell count decreased all along the lactation stage and increased with the parity but the trends were not significant due to the high variability of the values. On average, the normal level of somatic cell counts is low compared to cow.

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“…The infested udders (98.3%) had one or more CMT positive quarters. Tick infestation can predispose camel udders to bacterial infection (Abdurahman, 1996;Obied et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and etiology of mastitis in traditionally managed camels (Camelus dromedarius) in selected pastoral areas in eastern Ethiopia

Seifu¹,

Bekele²

2011

Ethiop. Vet. J.

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Prevalence and causes of mastitis in traditionally managed camels in selected pastoral areas in eastern Ethiopia were assessed. The prevalence of camel mastitis was determined by the California mastitis test (CMT) and by clinical examinations of the udder and milk samples. A total of 642 udder quarters from 161 camels were examined from three locations for the determination of clinical cases and CMT. Among the CMT positive milk samples and milk samples collected from clinical quarters, 174 randomly selected samples were further examined for identification of the etiological agents of camel mastitis. The overall prevalence of mastitis observed in camel herds examined as assessed by the CMT and clinical examinations of the udder or milk (76.0%) was very high. The high prevalence of mastitis in the camel herds examined could be attributed to the unhygienic milking procedures followed by the camel owners and the poor hygienic condition of the milking area. The bacterial species isolated from the camel milk samples include coagulase negative staphylococci (39.6%), Streptococcus dysagalactiae (22.2%), Corynebacteria spp. (9%), Bacillus spp. (7.6%), Streptococcus uberis (7.6%), Escherichia coli (6.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (4.2%) and Streptococcus agalactiae (3.5%). These results suggest that measures need to be taken to improve the health of camels and the quality of camel milk in the study areas.

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The detection of subclinical mastitis in the bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) by somatic cell count and California mastitis test

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

Infectious causes of reproductive loss in camelids

Infectious causes of reproductive loss in camelids

Monitoring of monthly SCC in she-camel in relation to milking practice,<br>udder status and microbiological contamination of milk

Prevalence and etiology of mastitis in traditionally managed camels (Camelus dromedarius) in selected pastoral areas in eastern Ethiopia

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