The Detection of Water Flow in Rectangular Microchannels by Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy

Song, Yan; Zhao, Kun; Zuo, Jian‐Min; Wang, Cuicui; Li, Yizhang; Miao, Xinyang; Zhao, Xiaojing

doi:10.3390/s17102330

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…The theoretical values of the effective medium model agreed with the experimental results . In addition, terahertz (THz) spectroscopy, as a new noncontact technique, has been proposed for predicting subtle changes of water in emulsions owing to the sensitivity of the THz wave to the fluctuations of water dipole moments occurring on the picosecond (ps) timescale. − THz time-domain spectroscopy has been used to measure the water content ranging from 50.05 to 100% in crude oil and to characterize the distribution of oil, air, and water simultaneously . Subsequently, combined with 3D printing technology, oil–water mixtures with water content from 1.8 to 90.6% were measured and analyzed with the THz parameters .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

High Water Content Prediction of Oil–Water Emulsions Based on Terahertz Electromagnetically Induced Transparency-like Metamaterial

Song¹,

Zhan²,

Jiang

et al. 2019

ACS Omega

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This work aims to investigate the electromagnetically induced transparency-like (EIT-like) metamaterial for high water cut emulsions’ detection in the terahertz band. The electromagnetic responses of the selected metamaterial covering emulsions exhibit red-shifted resonant frequency with increasing water volume from 60 to 98%. Three numerical models coinciding with theory analysis were built based on the extracted resonant frequencies at the transmission peak and dips to predict water concentration. The results show that the built models accurately predicted the water content with absolute errors less than 0.26, 0.41, and 0.24%, respectively. The EIT-like resonance is introduced by coupled bright and dark modes, making it similar to a weakened plasma resonance. Consequently, the permittivity-dependent frequency would help develop both economically feasible and socially beneficial sensors for high water content prediction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

High Water Content Prediction of Oil–Water Emulsions Based on Terahertz Electromagnetically Induced Transparency-like Metamaterial

Song¹,

Zhan²,

Jiang

et al. 2019

ACS Omega

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“…THz-TDS has been used to characterize oil disaggregation under magnetic field and analyze the state of oil-water two-phase flow. [20,34,35] In this work, THz-TDS method is used for identification of various crude oils. The VP, time delay, refractive index and absorption coefficient are analyzed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz spectroscopy combined with machine-learning models for crude oil classification

Zhang,

Zheng,

Sun

et al. 2023

TST

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The classification of crude oils plays an important role in the petroleum transportation and production. In this paper, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is used to assess seven various crude oils combined with machine-learning algorithms. From THz-TDS, frequency, refractive index and absorption coefficient are used to set models, which are based on Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Random Forest (RF) and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), respectively. In order to evaluate the accuracy of each model, the confusion matrix and the Area under the curve (AUC) are introduced to access the classification ability, and 5-fold cross-validation are used to compare the generalization ability and robustness. Compared to other models, the classification accuracy of XGBoost reaches the maximum 0.9622. Meanwhile, the test 5-fold cross-validation F1-score and the AUC of XGBoost model are higher than other models, which indicates the high consistency and robustness. Experimental results suggests that terahertz time-domain spectroscopy may be a powerful tool for the identification of various crude oils.

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“…Recently, optical technology has been used for evaluation and classification of crude oil. A series of studies have addressed the flow of oil and water, ,,, measurement of water content in crude oil, characterization of the process of pyrolysis in oil shale, and evaluation of such resources as coal, fuel oil, and model oils. − ,− In this work, LIV improved the identification effect and provided a more direct and effective way to identify different oils. High oxygen content is the cause of the pronounced electrical charge in crude oil leading to large V p .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optical technology plays an important role in probing crude oils. Laser-induced ultrasonic technique is here proposed to characterize the process of pyrolysis in the oil shale, and it is also used to measure the full-range water content up to 100%. , In addition, terahertz technology was used to characterize the water content and distribution in high-water-cut crude oil, , probe disaggregation of crude oil in a magnetic field, − and evaluate pattern transitions of oil-water two-phase flow. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Induced Voltage Application for Identification of Crude Oils

et al. 2019

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In this work, laser-induced voltage (LIV) was used to assess three various crude oils using a 248 nm ultraviolet laser. Under the same bias voltage, the peak of LIV (V p) increased with the increase in the overall laser energy irradiating the surface of the sample. The increase in the bias voltage contributed to the improvement of V p at the same laser energy. On the basis of our results, samples with more oxygen content generated more charge, which led to the higher V p. Our research indicates that LIV is a suitable approach for the identification of various crude oils.

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The Detection of Water Flow in Rectangular Microchannels by Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

High Water Content Prediction of Oil–Water Emulsions Based on Terahertz Electromagnetically Induced Transparency-like Metamaterial

High Water Content Prediction of Oil–Water Emulsions Based on Terahertz Electromagnetically Induced Transparency-like Metamaterial

Terahertz spectroscopy combined with machine-learning models for crude oil classification

Laser-Induced Voltage Application for Identification of Crude Oils

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