The detection over time of subjects simulating hypnosis

Blum, Gerald S.; Graef, Jed R.

doi:10.1080/00207147108407168

Cited by 69 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Yet, previous studies employing verbal response with variations of the Stroop task found that high-compared with low-hypnotizable participants displayed greater Stroop automaticity (i.e., slower responses on incongruent trials) outside of hypnosis (Dixon et al, 1990;Dixon & Laurence, 1992). These results were congruous with earlier data reported by Blum and Graef (1971) who attempted to probe SIE differences between simulators (i.e., role enactors) and veridical high-hypnotizable participants. The notion of baseline Stroop differences has received further support from a series of experiments from the laboratory of Jean-Roch Laurence at Concordia University (Montreal, QC, Canada).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Hypnotic ability and baseline attention: fMRI findings from Stroop interference.

Lifshitz

Raz

Mortimer³

2015

Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice

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A benchmark experimental conflict task, the Stroop interference effect, probes selective attention. Regarding individual differences, accounts from multiple independent research groups have shown that a specific suggestion to obviate word meaning can reduce the Stroop interference effect in high-but usually not low-hypnotizable participants. Here we report findings from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) showing that high-hypnotizable participants, compared with low-hypnotizables, may maintain a distinct baseline of attention even outside of hypnosis or suggestion. Although previous neuroimaging investigation of suggestion-induced Stroop reduction implicated a locus of brain regions prominently including the anterior cingulate cortex, here we observed suggestion-free group differences focal to the fusiform gyrus and pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus-regions associated with word reading and visual attention, respectively. We contextualize our findings in terms of earlier efforts that have attempted to link hypnotizability and baseline performance of attention.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Hypnotic ability and baseline attention: fMRI findings from Stroop interference.

Lifshitz

Raz

Mortimer³

2015

Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice

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“…Orne (1959) labelled this phenomenon as 'trance logic', however, further experiments on the topic have been controversial (e.g. Blum and Graef, 1971;Johnson, Maher and Barber, 1972;Hilgard, 1972;Spanos, 1986). Orne (1959) further found that real subjects reported more transparency in their hallucination experiences than simulators, a finding that has later found more support (e.g.…”

Section: Sociocognitive Researchmentioning

confidence: 92%

Hypnotic phenomena and altered states of consciousness: a multilevel framework of description and explanation

Kallio

Revonsuo

2003

Contemporary Hypnosis

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There is currently agreement that, in addition to the changes in external behaviour, suggestions presented in a hypnotic context may give rise to changes in subjective experience. Ye t, there is no general agreement about the theoretical framework within which these changes in experience should be explained. Though different theories about hypnosis overlap in many respects, there is still disagreement on whether reference to a specific internal state of the individual is necessary in order to explain these changes. We place the explanatory task in the context of a multilevel framework of explanation, which reveals that the disagreement between the 'state' and 'nonstate' view is about the level of description at which the phenomenon 'hypnosis' should be conceptualized. We propose a novel approach using the multilevel explanation which helps to formulate empirically testable hypotheses about the nature of hypnosis. We will outline the basic elements of such an approach and hope that our proposition will help hypnosis research to integrate with the multidisciplinary research on other phenomena of consciousness.

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“…However, the evidence in favor of this view is largely anecdotal. Recent studies employing appropriate control groups (Blum & Graef, 1971;Johnson, Maher, & Barber, 1972;Spanos & Ham, 1972;Spanos, Ham, & Barber, 1973) indicate that the subjective reports of hypnotic subjects and of task motivated control subjects concerning the experiences of perceptual and memory distortions are highly similar. These studies also indicate that reports of "trance logic" occur as fre-HYPNOSIS AND BEHAVIOR THERAPY quently among control subjects as they do among hypnotic subjects.…”

Section: Empirical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Hypnosis and Behavior Therapy: Common Denominators

Np¹,

1973

American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis

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In this paper, the relationships between hypnosis and behavior therapy are examined on two levels. First, the authors consider the contention that a "hypnotic state" mediates some of the therapeutic changes that are seen in behavior therapy. Logical and empirical problems pertaining to the hypothetical construct "hypnotic state" or "trance" are specified and it is concluded that the construct is not useful in explaining the changes in behavior observed in either hypnotic situations or in behavior therapy situations. Secondly, the authors focus on parallels between hypnotic situations and those behavior therapy situations that make subjects' imaginings the pivot of therapeutic change. Four sets of variables are delineated that appear to play a role in mediating the changes in behavior seen in both hypnotic and behavior therapy situations: (a) motivational variables, (b) attitudinal and expectancy variables, (c) the specific wording of the suggestions or instructions, and (d) circumscribed cognitive processes (e.g., goal-directed imagining) occurring in response to the suggestions or instructions.

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The detection over time of subjects simulating hypnosis

Cited by 69 publications

References 7 publications

Hypnotic ability and baseline attention: fMRI findings from Stroop interference.

Hypnotic ability and baseline attention: fMRI findings from Stroop interference.

Hypnotic phenomena and altered states of consciousness: a multilevel framework of description and explanation

Hypnosis and Behavior Therapy: Common Denominators

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