The Determinants of Adolescent Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder: A Cohort Study

Abstract

Background. The increased prevalence of glycolipid metabolism disorders (GLMD) in childhood and adolescents has a well-established association with adult type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases; therefore, determinants of GLMD need to be evaluated during this period. Objectives. To explore the prevalence of and risk factors for GLMD from the prenatal period through childhood and adolescence. Methods. A bidirectional cohort study which was established in 2014 and followed between March 1 and July 20, 2019, was used to illustrate the impact factors for GLMD. Stratified cluster sampling in urban-rural areas was used to include subjects from four communities in Chongqing. 2808 healthy children aged between 6 and 9 years in 2014 entered the cohort in 2014 and followed in 2019 with a follow-up rate of 70%. 2,136 samples (aged 11.68 ± 0.60 years) were included. Results. The prevalence rates of insulin resistance (IR), prediabetes/diabetes, and dyslipidemia were 21.02%, 7.19%, and 21.61%, respectively. Subjects with an urban residence, no pubertal development, dyslipidemia in 2014, higher family income, and higher parental education had significantly elevated fasting insulin (FI) or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels; subjects with female sex, no pubertal development, dyslipidemia in 2014, obesity, gestational hypertension, maternal weight gain above Institute of Medicine guidelines, and single parents had increased triglyceride or triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Adolescents with rural residence had higher HbA1c level. Conclusion. We observed that the prevalence of GLMD was high in childhood and adolescents, and rural-urban areas, sex, pubertal development, dyslipidemia in a younger age, maternal obesity, and hypertension were associated with increased GLMD risk, suggesting that implementing the community-family intervention to improve the GLMD of children is essential.

Associations Between Serum TNF-α, IL-6, hs-CRP and GLMD in Obese Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…5,6,11 The latter also was a high-risk factor for T2DM and hyperlipidemia in adulthood. 10 Our study demonstrated that there may be correlations between serum TNF-α, IL-6, hs-CRP levels and GLMD in obese children and adolescents. The results may provide a potential solution for the early prevention and treatment of GLMD.…”

“…9 Most notably, the increased prevalence of glycolipid metabolism disorders (GLMD) in children and adolescents had a wellestablished correlation with cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adulthood. 10 In addition, excess adiposity was closely associated with low-grade systemic inflammation in children and adolescents, with the elevated concentrations of various inflammatory markers, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interferon-gamma, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. [11][12][13] It is worth noting that, TNF-α, IL-6 and hs-CRP were the most studied inflammatory parameters, which may be involved in the development of obesity in children and adolescents.…”