The determinants of First Nation and Inuit health: A critical population health approach

Richmond, Chantelle; Ross, Nancy A.

doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2008.07.004

Cited by 324 publications

(312 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Food in Nunavut, for example, on average costs twice as much in southern urban centres with household income significantly lower [45,59,60]. Ultimately, these causes can only be understood in the context of sweeping socio-economic transformations that have affected Inuit society over the last half century as former semi-nomadic hunting groups were resettled into permanent settlements beginning in the 1950s and incorporated into a colonial relationship with the Canadian state, detailed descriptions of which are provided elsewhere [12,17,61-63]. Iqaluit was one of the first permanently settled communities in the eastern Arctic, beginning with the building of a US Air Force base in 1942 [47,62,64].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another consequence of these broader changes has been significant acculturative stress among northern populations, linked to the rapid changes in livelihoods and culture, and experience of residential schools [10,12,80-83]. Many of the older respondents were born and raised in small hunting camps, resettled in Iqaluit, spent time at tuberculosis sanatoria in southern Canada in the 1950s and 60s, and now live in a modern community.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The characteristics and experience of community food program users in arctic Canada: a case study from Iqaluit, Nunavut

2012

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BackgroundCommunity food programs (CFPs), including soup kitchens and food banks, are a recent development in larger settlements in the Canadian Arctic. Our understanding of utilization of these programs is limited as food systems research has not studied the marginalised and transient populations using CFPs, constraining service planning for some of the most vulnerable community members. This paper reports on a baseline study conducted with users of CFPs in Iqaluit, Nunavut, to identify and characterize utilization and document their food security experience.MethodsOpen ended interviews and a fixed-choice survey on a census (n = 94) were conducted with of users of the food bank, soup kitchen, and friendship centre over a 1 month period, along with key informant interviews.ResultsUsers of CFPs are more likely to be Inuit, be unemployed, and have not completed high school compared to the general Iqaluit population, while also reporting high dependence on social assistance, low household income, and an absence of hunters in the household. The majority report using CFPs for over a year and on a regular basis.ConclusionsThe inability of users to obtain sufficient food must be understood in the context of socio-economic transformations that have affected Inuit society over the last half century as former semi-nomadic hunting groups were resettled into permanent settlements. The resulting livelihood changes profoundly affected how food is produced, processed, distributed, and consumed, and the socio-cultural relationships surrounding such activities. Consequences have included the rising importance of material resources for food access, the weakening of social safety mechanisms through which more vulnerable community members would have traditionally been supported, and acculturative stress. Addressing these broader challenges is essential for food policy, yet CFPs also have an essential role in providing for those who would otherwise have limited food access.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The characteristics and experience of community food program users in arctic Canada: a case study from Iqaluit, Nunavut

2012

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“…Other studies [44,45] demonstrate that the Mètis and Inuit population in Canada identified relationship with extended family members. Access to social resources and indigenous culture connections were identified as health determinants.…”

Section: Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

”We own the illness”: a qualitative study of networks in two communities with mixed ethnicity in Northern Norway

Langås-Larsen

Salamonsen²,

Kristoffersen

et al. 2018

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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Background: When people in Northern Norway get ill, they often use traditional medicine. The global aim of this study was to examine the extended family networks’ function and responsibility in cases of illness in the family, in two Northern Norwegian communities with a population of mixed ethnicity. Methods: Semi-structured individual interviews with 13 participants and 4 focus group interviews with total 11 participants were conducted. The text data was transcribed verbatim and analysed based on the criteria for content analysis. Results: The participants grew up in areas where it was common to seek help from traditional healers. They were organized in networks and shared responsibility for the patient and they provided practical help and support for the family. According to the networks, health-care personnel should make room for the entire network to visit the patient in severe and life-threatening situations. Conclusion: Traditional networks are an extra resource for people in these communities. The networks seem to be essential in handling and disseminating hope and manageability on an individual as well as a collective level. Health personnel working in communities with mixed ethnicity should have thorough knowledge of the mixed culture, including the importance of traditional network to the patients.

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“…More common examples of their TF include moose, goose, ptarmigan, caribou and whitefish [3]. Not only do TF contribute nutritious, minimally processed food to the diet, but the harvesting and gathering activities involved in their procurement are also important to the health and well-being of Eeyouch , as they require physical activity and connect people to their traditional lands [4,5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with the intake of traditional foods in theEeyou Istchee(Cree) of northern Quebec include age, speaking the Cree language and food sovereignty indicators

Willows

Johnson‐Down

Moubarac

et al. 2018

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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The Eeyouch are a First Nations (Cree) population that live above 49.6°N latitude in Eeyou Istchee in northern Quebec. Eeyouch rely on traditional foods (TF) hunted, fished or gathered from the land. The overarching aim of this study was to achieve an understanding of the factors associated with TF intake among Eeyouch. Data were from 465 women and 330 men who participated in the Nituuchischaayihtitaau Aschii Multi-Community Environment-and-Health (E&H) study. The relationship between TF consumption and dietary, health, sociodemographic and food sovereignty (i.e. being a hunter or receiving Income Security to hunt, trap or fish) variables was examined using linear and logistic regression. Analyses were stratified by sex because of the male/female discrepancy in being a hunter. Among respondents, almost all (99.7%) consumed TF, 51% were hunters and 10% received Income Security. Higher intake of TF was associated with lower consumption of less nutritious ultra-processed products (UPP). In women, TF intake increased with age, hunting and receiving Income Security, but decreased with high school education. In men, TF intake increased with age and speaking only Cree at home. The findings suggest that increased food sovereignty would result in improved diet quality among Eeyouch through increased TF intake and decreased UPP intake.

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The determinants of First Nation and Inuit health: A critical population health approach

Cited by 324 publications

References 34 publications

The characteristics and experience of community food program users in arctic Canada: a case study from Iqaluit, Nunavut

The characteristics and experience of community food program users in arctic Canada: a case study from Iqaluit, Nunavut

”We own the illness”: a qualitative study of networks in two communities with mixed ethnicity in Northern Norway

Factors associated with the intake of traditional foods in theEeyou Istchee(Cree) of northern Quebec include age, speaking the Cree language and food sovereignty indicators

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