The Determinants of Prevalence of Health Complaints Among Young Competitive Swimmers

Airway hyperresponsiveness in elite swimmers: Is it a transient phenomenon?

“…However, previous data on the concentration of chloramines in the air of this swimming pool indicated the concentration was below the safety cutoff level of 0.5 mg/m 3 fixed by the World Health Organization. 32 Our study suggests that high-level athletes such as swimmers can develop transient AHR, identified by methacholine and EVH provocation tests, without a concomitant change in airway inflammatory cell counts. The timing of the bronchial provocative challenge during the training season may thus have an influence on whether the airway responsiveness is observed.…”

Airway remodeling and inflammation in competitive swimmers training in indoor chlorinated swimming pools

“…11 These differences are likely because winter-sport athletes breathe high volumes of dry and cold air, whereas swimmers repeatedly inhale hot and humid air. In addition, swimmers are exposed to chlorine by-products that are significant airway irritants, 32,33 which may induce airway inflammation, as well as epithelial damage and changes in airway responsiveness. 5,34,35 As a Thickness of tenascin immunoreactive band and collagen I and collagen III deposition in subepithelial basement membrane zone in controls, swimmers, and asthmatic subjects.…”

Effect of intense swimming training on rhinitis in high‐level competitive swimmers

“…Among elite athletes, those involved in endurance sports more often report physiciandiagnosed AR than other athletes or control subjects [4]. This is especially true for swimmers, repeatedly exposed to chlorine derivatives, with up to 74% of them complaining of nasal symptoms [2,[5][6][7][8].…”